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The Position of Old-World Prehistory (Conclusion)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2024

Gordon Childe
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Extract

The pioneers of European prehistory marched under a banner inscribed Ex Oriente Lux, assuming as an axiom that all the fundamental inventions and discoveries like farming and metallurgy were brought to Europe from the East. The Frenchman Salomon Reinach first challenged the dogma, branding it as le mirage orientale, and then the Germans set about inverting the roles of Europe and Asia till under Hitler it was seriously contended that conquering invaders from Europe had spread to the valleys of the Nile and of the Tigris in time to create there the Sumerian and Pharaonic civilisations! Only now is it really possible to test the conflicting claims of the opposing schools by reference to objective data.

Type
Research Article
Information
Diogenes , Volume 2 , Issue 6 , March 1954 , pp. 85 - 100
Copyright
Copyright © 1954 Fédération Internationale des Sociétés de Philosophie / International Federation of Philosophical Societies (FISP)

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References

6 The Near East and Foundations of Civilization (Condon Lectures), Eugene, 1952.

7 ‘Archaelogy and Agricultural Botany', University of London Institute of Archaeology, Annual Report IX, 1953.

8 Dating the Past, London, 1946.

9 Mathiassen, et al., Stenalderbopladser i Aamosen, Copenhagen, 1943.

10 Arch. Rozhledy, IV, Praha, 1953, pp. 193-7.

11 Early Khartoum, Oxford 1949; Excavations at Esh Shaheinab', Proc. Prehist.Soc., XV, 1949.

12 Cf. V. Milojcic, Chronologie der jüngeren Steinzeit Mittel-und Südosteuropas, Berlin, 1949.

13 Gli Scavi nella Caverna delle Arene Candide, Bordighera, 1946.

14 ‘Landnami Danmarks Stenalder', Dansk. Geol.Undersog., R. II, No. 66, Copenhagen, 1941.

15 ‘Mosefundne Lerkar', Aarbøger f. nord.Oldkyndighed og Historie, Copenhagen, 1947.

16 ‘Royal Excavations at Saggara and Helwan (1941-5)', Supplement to Annales du Service des Antiquités, Cahier 3, Cairo, 1947.

17 Las Antas de Concelho de Reguengos de Monsaraz, Lisboa, 1951; cf Die Megalithgräber der iberischen Halbinsel, Berlin, 1943.

18 Excavations at Dorchester, Oxon, Oxford, 1951.

19 La Palafitta del Lago di Ledro nel Trentino, Trento, 1943.

20 S. Hood & P. de Jonghe, ‘Late Minoan Warrior Graves … from the New Hospital Site at Knossos', Annual of the British School at Athens, XLVII, 1952.

21 H. Hencken, ‘Beitzsch and Knossos', Proc. Prehistoric Soc., XVIII, 1952.

22 Karlgren, ‘Weapons and Tools of the Yin Dynasty', Bull. Mus. Far Eastern Antiquities, 17, Stockholm 1945; Shih-chang-ju, ‘Recent Discoveries at Yin—hsii'—in Chinese. Anyang, Chinese J. of Archaeol., No. 2, 1947.

23 Drevnyaya Istoriya Yuzhnoi Sibiri, Moskva, 1951.

24 ‘Bronze Lugged Axe—or Adze Blades from Asia', Iraq, XV, London, 1933.

25 Le Trésor de Ziwiye, Paris, 1950.

26 English summary down to 1950, Jettmar, ‘The Altai before the Turks', Bull. Mus.Far. East. Antiqus., 23, Stockholm, 1951; for Kurgan V, see Rudenko.

27 In addition to Kiselev's book cited on p.93, especially Bernstam, Sovietskaya Arkheologiya, XI, 1949, 341-9; Cernikov, ibid., XV, 1951, 141-158; Formazov, Kratkie Soobscheniya Inst. Istor. Mat. Kul'tury, xxxxix, 1951, 5-15; Gryaznov, ibid., XL, 105-112; Sal'nikov, Mat. i Issled. po Arch.Rossii, 21, 1951, 100-125 and 24, 1952, 51-70.

28 Drevnyaya Khorezm, Moskva, 1948.