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True and false recall and dissociation among maltreated children: The role of self-schema

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 January 2008

Kristin Valentino ,
Dante Cicchetti ,
Fred A. Rogosch  and
Sheree L. Toth
Kristin Valentino*
Affiliation:
University of Rochester
Dante Cicchetti*
Affiliation:
University of Rochester University of Minnesota
Fred A. Rogosch
Affiliation:
University of Rochester
Sheree L. Toth
Affiliation:
University of Rochester
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Kristin Valentino, Yale Child Study Center, 230 South Frontage Road, New Haven, CT 06520; E-mail: kristin.valentino@yale.edu
Dante Cicchetti, Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455.
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Abstract

The current investigation addresses the manner through which trauma affects basic memory and self-system processes. True and false recall for self-referent stimuli were assessed in conjunction with dissociative symptomatology among abused (N = 76), neglected (N = 92), and nonmaltreated (N = 116) school-aged children. Abused, neglected, and nonmaltreated children did not differ in the level of processing self-schema effect or in the occurrence and frequency of false recall. Rather, differences in the affective valence of false recall emerged as a function of maltreatment subtype and age. Regarding dissociation, the abused children displayed higher levels of dissociative symptomatology than did the nonmaltreated children. Although abused, neglected, and nonmaltreated children did not exhibit differences in the valence of their self-schemas, positive and negative self-schemas were related to self-integration differently among the subgroups of maltreatment. Negative self-schemas were associated with increased dissociation among the abused children, whereas positive self-schemas were related to increased dissociation for the neglected children. Thus, positive self-schemas displayed by the younger neglected children were related to higher dissociation, suggestive of defensive self-processing. Implications for clinical intervention are underscored.

Type
Research Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 20 , Issue 1 , Winter 2008 , pp. 213 - 232
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

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Footnotes

This research was supported by grants from the Office of Child Abuse and Neglect to Dante Cicchetti, and the Spunk Fund, Inc. to Dante Cicchetti and Sheree Toth. The authors thank Carol Ann Dubovsky for her invaluable assistance with this project.

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