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Overparenting and offspring depression, anxiety, and internalizing symptoms: A meta-analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 May 2023

Qi Zhang Open the ORCID record for Qi Zhang [Opens in a new window]  and
Wongeun Ji
Qi Zhang*
Affiliation:
Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
Wongeun Ji
Affiliation:
School of Counseling Psychology and Social Welfare, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
*
Corresponding author: Qi Zhang; email: qzhang384@wisc.edu
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Abstract

Overparenting has been considered to contribute to offspring internalizing mental disorders from theoretical perspectives, which some empirical evidence has supported. However, existing findings are inconsistent. To facilitate the understanding of the association between overparenting and depression, anxiety, and internalizing symptoms, an examination of effect sizes is required. By employing the PRISMA method, a meta-analysis was conducted. Fifty-two articles were identified, with 38 studies examining depression, 30 studies examining anxiety, and 21 studies examining internalizing symptoms. The results show that overparenting is associated with offspring depression (mean age 19.94 years) (k = 133, r = .15, p < .001), anxiety (mean age 19.57 years) (k = 101, r = .14, p < .001), and internalizing symptoms (mean age 19.76 years) (k = 58, r = .19, p < .001). Moderator analyses show that the effect sizes are largely equal across SES groups, cultures, the age of offspring, child gender, and study design but may vary depending on the parental gender and report informants. Implications for interventions and future directions are discussed.

Keywords

AnxietyDepressionInternalizing symptomsMeta-analysisOverparenting
Type
Regular Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , First View , pp. 1 - 16
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© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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