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Neural correlates of emotion processing predict resilience in youth at familial risk for mood disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 May 2019

Akua F. Nimarko ,
Amy S. Garrett ,
Gabrielle A. Carlson  and
Manpreet K. Singh
Akua F. Nimarko
Affiliation:
Stanford Neurosciences Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
Amy S. Garrett
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
Gabrielle A. Carlson
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Stonybrook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
Manpreet K. Singh*
Affiliation:
Stanford Neurosciences Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
*
Address for Correspondence: Manpreet K. Singh, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305; E-mail: mksingh@stanford.edu.
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Abstract

Aberrant face emotion processing has been demonstrated in youth with and at a familial risk for bipolar and major depressive disorders. However, the neurobiological factors related to emotion processing that underlie resilience from youth-onset mood disorders are not well understood. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data during an implicit emotion processing task were collected at baseline from a sample of 50 youth, ages 8–17, who were healthy but also familially at high risk for either bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder, and 24 healthy controls with no family history of psychopathology (HCL). Participants were reevaluated 3 years later and classified into three groups for analysis: high-risk youth who converted to a psychiatric diagnosis (CVT; N = 23), high-risk youth who were resilient from developing any psychopathology (RES; N = 27), and HCL youth (N = 24) who remained healthy at follow-up. For happy > calm faces, the CVT and RES groups had significantly lower activation in the left inferior parietal lobe (IPL), while the RES group had lower activation in the right supramarginal gyrus. For fear > calm faces, the RES group had lower activation in the right precuneus and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) compared to the CVT group. Connectivity analyses revealed the RES group exhibited higher left IPL connectivity with visual cortical regions for happy > calm faces, and higher IFG connectivity with frontal, temporal, and limbic regions for fear > calm faces. These connectivities were correlated with improvements in prosocial behaviors and global functioning. Our findings suggest that differential activation and connectivity in the IPL, IFG, and precuneus in response to emotional stimuli may represent distinct resilience and risk markers for youth-onset mood disorders.

Keywords

bipolar disorderemotion processingfunctional connectivityfunctional magnetic resonance imagingmajor depressive disorderyouth
Type
Special Issue Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 31 , Special Issue 3: Emotion Dysregulation and Emerging Psychopathology , August 2019 , pp. 1037 - 1052
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

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