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Callous-unemotional traits and fearlessness: A cardiovascular psychophysiological perspective in two adolescent samples using virtual reality

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 August 2019

Nicholas D. Thomson Open the ORCID record for Nicholas D. Thomson [Opens in a new window] ,
Steven M. Gillespie  and
Luna C.M. Centifanti
Nicholas D. Thomson*
Affiliation:
Division of Acute Care Surgical Services, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Health & Department of Psychology, University of Durham, UK.
Steven M. Gillespie
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Health, and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Luna C.M. Centifanti
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Health, and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
*
Author for Correspondence: Nicholas D. Thomson, PhD, Division of Acute Care Surgical Services, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Health, Richmond, Virginia, 23298. E-mail: Nicholas.Thomson@VCUHealth.org.
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Abstract

There has been a longstanding debate about the link between callous-unemotional traits and fearlessness. However, biological evidence for a relationship in adolescents is lacking. Using two adolescent samples, we measured emotional reactivity and cardiac measures of sympathetic (pre-ejection period) and parasympathetic (respiratory sinus arrhythmia) reactivity during 3D TV and virtual reality fear induction. Study 1 included 62 community adolescents from a stratified sample. Study 2 included 60 adolescents from Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties schools. Results were consistent across both studies. Adolescents with high callous-unemotional traits showed coactivation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Consistent with these results, youths with callous-unemotional traits self-reported that they felt more in control after the fear induction. Thus, in both samples, youth with callous-unemotional traits displayed a physiological and emotional profile suggesting they maintained control during fear induction. Therefore, it is proposed here that a shift in thinking of youth with callous-unemotional traits as fearless to youth with callous-unemotional traits are better able to manage fearful situations, may be more appropriate.

Keywords

Callous-unemotional traitsfearlessnesspre-ejection periodrespiratory sinus arrhythmia
Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 32 , Issue 3 , August 2020 , pp. 803 - 815
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

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