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Attachment and selective attention: Disorganization and emotional Stroop reaction time

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 January 2009

Leslie Atkinson ,
Eman Leung ,
Susan Goldberg ,
Diane Benoit ,
Lori Poulton ,
Natalie Myhal ,
Kirsten Blokland  and
Sheila Kerr
Leslie Atkinson*
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Eman Leung
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Susan Goldberg
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Diane Benoit
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Lori Poulton
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Natalie Myhal
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Kirsten Blokland
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Sheila Kerr
Affiliation:
Technolog, Inc.
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Leslie Atkinson, Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada; E-mail: atkinson@psych.ryerson.ca.
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Abstract

Although central to attachment theory, internal working models remain a useful heuristic in need of concretization. We compared the selective attention of organized and disorganized mothers using the emotional Stroop task. Both disorganized attachment and emotional Stroop response involve the coordination of strongly conflicting motivations under conditions of emotional arousal. Furthermore, much is known about the cognitive and neuromodulatory correlates of the Stroop that may inform attempts to substantiate the internal working model construct. We assessed 47 community mothers with the Adult Attachment Interview and the Working Model of the Child Interview in the third trimester of pregnancy. At 6 and 12 months postpartum, we assessed mothers with emotional Stroop tasks involving neutral, attachment, and emotion conditions. At 12 months, we observed their infants in the Strange Situation. Results showed that: disorganized attachment is related to relative Stroop reaction time, that is, unlike organized mothers, disorganized mothers respond to negative attachment/emotion stimuli more slowly than to neutral stimuli; relative speed of response is positively related to number of times the dyad was classified disorganized, and change in relative Stroop response time from 6 to 12 months is related to the match-mismatch status of mother and infant attachment classifications. We discuss implications in terms of automatic and controlled processing and, more specifically, cognitive threat tags, parallel distributed processing, and neuromodulation through norepenephrine and dopamine.

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 21 , Issue 1 , January 2009 , pp. 99 - 126
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

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