Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-jr42d Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T00:20:10.732Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Luther and the Ascent of Jacob's Ladder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 July 2009

David C. Steinmetz
Affiliation:
professor of church history and doctrine in the Divinity School, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. This is his presidential address deliverd at the annual meeting of the American Society of Church History, 28 December 1985.

Extract

On the west front of Bath Abbey there are carved two stone ladders stretching from heaven to earth on which twelve angels are climbing, six on each ladder. A tourist who sees the west front of the abbey for the first time is told that the carvings represent the dream of Oliver King, Bishop of Bath and Wells under Henry VII and his former chief secretary. The bishop had a nocturnal vision of angels climbing ladders to heaven. As he stood before the ladders in amazement, he heard voices saying that an olive should establish the crown and that the king should restore the church. He took the reference to olives and kings to be an allusion to his own name and concluded that he, Oliver King, should support the Tudor monarchy and rebuild the ruined abbey at Bath.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of Church History 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Spa Committee of Bath City Council, Bath: Official Guide Book 1978 (Blackpool, 1978), p. 10.Google Scholar

2. Denis, the Carthusian, “Enarratio in Cap. XXVIII Genesis,” in Doctoris Ecstatici Dionysii Cathusiani Opera Omnia, 42 vols. (Monstrolii, 1896), 1: 332Google Scholar (hereafter cited as Denis, “Enarratio”).

3. Nygren, Anders, Agape and Eros (Philadelphia, 1953), pp. 621637.Google Scholar

4. Ibid., p. 690.

5. Hugh of Saint Cher, Hugonis de Sancto Caro, Opera Omnia, 8 vols. (Venice, 1732), 1: 53v55v, (hereafter cited as Hugh, “Expositio”).Google Scholar

6. Nicholas of Lyra, Prima Pars Bible cum Gloss Ordinaria et Expositione Litterali et Morali, 6 vols. (Basel, 1498), vol. 1 (hereafter cited as Lyra on Genesis 28).Google Scholar

7. See note 2 above.

8. The best treatment of this problem is by Frei, Hans W., The Eclipse of Biblical Narrative: A Study in Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Hermeneutics (New Haven, 1974).Google Scholar

9. For example, Hugh, “Expositio,” p. 39Google Scholarr; Lyra on the literal sense of Genesis 28:19.

10. Hugh, , “Expositio,” p. 38r;Google ScholarDenis, , “Enarratio,” p. 329.Google Scholar

11. Denis, , “Enarratio,” p. 329.Google Scholar Hugh concedes that it may be called Bethel because it is near Bethlehem, though he, too, identifies Bethel with Jerusalem.

12. Hugh, , “Expositio,” p. 39r;Google ScholarDenis, , “Enarratio,” p. 331;Google Scholar Lyra on the literal interpretation of Genesis 28:19.

13. Denis, , “Enarratio,” pp. 330331.Google Scholar

14. Ibid.

15. See also my essay, “John Calvin on Isaiah 6: A Problem in the History of Exegesis,” Interpretation 36 (1982): 156170, esp. pp. 163164Google Scholar, for the medieval treatment of the nature of Isaiah's vision. Compare Steinmetz, David C., Luther and Staupitz: An Essay in the Intellectual Origins of the Protestant Reformation (Durham, N.C., 1980), pp. 129131, 135140.Google Scholar

16. Denis, , “Enarratio,” p. 329.Google Scholar

17. Hugh, , “Expositio,” p. 37v.Google Scholar

18. Denis, , “Enarratio,” p. 329.Google Scholar

19. Ibid.

20. Lyra on the literal sense of Genesis 28:12; Denis, , “Enarratio,” p. 329.Google Scholar

21. Hugh, , “Exposito,” p. 38r.Google Scholar

22. ibid, pp. 38r-38v.

23. Denis, , “Enarratio,” pp. 331332.Google Scholar

24. Lyra on the literal sense of Genesis 28: 20–22; Denis, , “Enarratio,” p. 331.Google Scholar

25. Hugh, , “Expositio,” p. 39r.Google Scholar

26. Denis, , “Enarratio,” p. 331.Google Scholar

27. D. Martin Luthers Werke: Kritische Gesamtausgabe, 61 vols. (Weimar, 1883)Google Scholar, 43. 595. 36 (hereafter cited as WA 43).

28. WA 43. 594. 38.

29. WA 43. 602. 12.

30. WA 43. 596. 25.

31. WA 43. 575. 4.

32. WA 43. 591. 20.

33. WA 43. 592. 28.

34. WA 43. 573. 9.

35. WA 43. 561. 21. On this subject see Ozment, Steven E., When Fathers Ruled: Family Life in Reformation Europe (Cambridge, Mass., 1983), pp. 2549.Google Scholar

36. WA 43. 568. 14.

37. WA 43. 574. 23.

38. WA 43. 578. 10.

39. WA 43. 582. 15.

40. WA 43. 582. 18.

41. WA 43. 576. 6.

42. WA 43. 597. 31, 598. 35.

43. WA 43. 586. 41.

44. WA 43. 604. 1.

45. WA 43. 607. 23.

46. WA 43. 610. 33.