Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-t6hkb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-11T23:50:10.977Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Services Provided by Informal and Formal Caregivers to Seniors in Residential Continuing Care*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2010

Norah Keating ,
Janet Fast ,
Donna Dosman  and
Jacquie Eales
Norah Keating
Affiliation:
University of Alberta
Janet Fast
Affiliation:
University of Alberta
Donna Dosman
Affiliation:
University of Alberta
Jacquie Eales
Affiliation:
University of Alberta
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

New approaches to residential continuing care for frail seniors include a shift toward more social care models that involve hiring multiskilled workers and expectations of family involvement as partners in care. Recall and stylized time-use methods were used to assess the types of tasks and amounts of service provided by family and staff caregivers in three models of care. Findings are that family members provide about 30 per cent of on-site services to residents. Family members spend most time in enhancing well-being, while staff spend most time in housework. Patterns of care differ across Adult Family Living, Assisted Living and Dementia Care settings. Sustainability of these patterns of care depends upon adequacy of staffing and reasonable expectations about family resources.

Résumé

Au chapitre des nouvelles approches pour le soin des aînés fragiles en établissements figure l'adoption de modèles de soins sociaux qui se traduit par l'embauche de travailleurs polyvalents et la participation des membres de la famille à la prestation des soins. On a utilisé les méthodes de rappel et d'emplois du temps pour évaluer les types de tâches et la quantité de services fournis par la famille et le personnel soignant dans trois modèles de soins. Les résultats indiquent que les membres de la famille accordent environ 30 pour cent des soins sur place. Ils consacrent la plupart de leurs efforts au bien-être des patients alors que le personnel se charge plutôt des travaux domestiques. Les modèles de soins diffèrent entre les milieux familiaux pour adultes, les logements avec assistance et ceux où il faut donner des soins reliés à la démence. La durabilité des modèles dépend de la saffisance du personnel et des attentes raisonnables à l'égard des ressources familiales.

Keywords

EldercareFormal CareInformal CareTime UseSoins aux personnes âgéessoins constituéssoins non-constituésusage de temps
Type
Articles
Information
Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement , Volume 20 , Issue 1 , Printemps/Spring 2001 , pp. 23 - 46
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Association on Gerontology 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alberta Health. (1993). Continuing care centres in Alberta's future health system: A role statement for Alberta's long term care facilities. Edmonton: Alberta Health.Google Scholar
Alzheimer's Association Patient and Family Services. (1992). Guidelines for dignity: Goals of specialized Alzheimer/dementia care in residential settings. Chicago: Author.Google Scholar
American Nurses' Association. (1987). Standards and scope of gerontological nursing practice. Kansas City, MI: Author.Google Scholar
Bowers, B.J. (1988). Family perceptions of care in a nursing home. Gerontologist, 28(3), 361–368.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brody, E.M. (1978). The aging of the family. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 438, 13–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brody, E.M. (1995). Prospects for family caregiving. In Kane, R.A. & Penrod, J.D. (Eds.), Family caregiving in an aging society. Policy perspectives (pp. 15–28). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Brody, E.M., & Spark, G.M. (1966). Institutionalization of the aged: A family crisis. Family Process, 5, 76–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buckwalter, K.C., & Hall, G.R. (1987). Families of the institutionalized older adult: A neglected resource. In Brubaker, T.H. (Ed.), Aging, health and family: Long-term care (pp. 176–196). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Calkins, M.P. (1988). Design for dementia: Planning environments for the elderly and the confused. Owings Mills, MD: National Health.Google Scholar
Canadian Gerontological Nursing Association. (1996). Standards of practice. Calgary. Author.Google Scholar
Caro, F.G., & Stern, A.L. (1995). Balancing formal and informal care: Meeting needs in a resource-constrained program. Home Health Care Services Quarterly, 15(4), 67–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chappell, N.L. (1993). Implications of shifting health care policy for caregiving in Canada. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 5(1&2), 39–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davies, S.M. (1992). Consequences of the division of nursing labour for elderly patients in a continuing care setting. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 17, 582–589.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dempsey, N.P., & Pruchno, R.A. (1993). The family's role in the nursing home: Predictors of technical and non-technical assistance. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 21(1/2), 127–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dobbs, A.R., & Rule, B.G. (1992). Behaviour and use of space by residents of special care and integrated nursing home units. In Gutman, G. (Ed.), Shelter and care of persons with dementia (pp. 115–132). Vancouver: Simon Fraser University, The Gerontology Research Centre.Google Scholar
Duncan, M.T., & Morgan, D.L. (1994). Sharing the caring: Family caregivers' views of their relationships with nursing home staff. Gerontologist, 34(2), 235–244.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edelman, P., & Hughes, S. (1990). The impact of community care on provision of informal care to homebound elderly persons. Journal of Gerontology, 45(2), S74–S84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Folkemer, D., Jensen, A., Lipson, L., Stauffer, M., & Fox-Grage, W. (1996). Adult foster care for the elderly: A review of state regulatory and funding strategies. Volume 1. Washington, DC: American Association of Retired Persons.Google Scholar
Harlton, S.V., Keating, N. & Fast, J. (1998). Defining eldercare for policy and practice: Perspectives matter. Family Relations, 47, 281–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kane, R.A., & Wilson, K.B. (1993). Assisted living in the United States: A new paradigm for residential care for frail older persons? Washington, DC: American Association of Retired Persons.Google Scholar
Kaplan, W. (1995). Assisted living in the mid-Atlantic states: Working through the maze of state requirements. Spectrum, January/February, 29–32.Google Scholar
Katz, S., & Gurland, B.J. (1991). Science of quality of life of elders: Challenge and opportunity. In Birren, J.E., Lubben, J.E., Rowe, J.C., & Deutchman, D.E. (Eds.), The concept and measurement of quality of life in the frail elderly (pp. 335–343). San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Keating, N. (1998). Evaluating programs of innovative continuing care (EPICC): Final report. (Report No. NHRDP Project No. 6609–1915–602). Edmonton: Author.Google Scholar
Keating, N., Douziech, L., Fast, J., Dosman, D., & Eales, J. (1998). Partners in caring: Services provided by formal and informal caregivers to seniors in residential continuing care. (Report No. NHRDP Project No. 6609–1915–602). Edmonton: Author.Google Scholar
Keating, N.C., Fast, J.E., Connidis, I.A., Penning, M., & Keefe, J. (1997). Bridging policy and research in eldercare. Canadian Journal on Aging, 16(swppl.), 22–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keefe, J.M., & Fancey, P.J. (1996). Family involvement in long term care. Halifax: Mount Saint Vincent University, Nova Scotia Centre on Aging.Google Scholar
Ladd, R.C., & Hannum, C. (1992). Oregon's adult foster care program: A model for community-based long-term care for elderly and disabled. International Journal of Family Care, 4(2), 171–184.Google Scholar
Laitinen, P. (1992). Participation of informal caregivers in the hospital care of elderly patients and their evaluations of the care given: Pilot study in three different hospitals. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 17, 1233–1237.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
LeNavenec, C.-L., & Vonhof, T. (1996). One day at a time: How families manage the experience of dementia. Westport, CT: Auburn HouseGoogle Scholar
Linsk, N.L., Miller, B., Pflaum, R., & Ortigara-Vicik, A. (1988). Families, Alzheimer's disease, and nursing homes. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 7(3), 331–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naleppa, M.J. (1996). Families and the institutionalized elderly: A review. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 27(1–2), 87–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Penning, M.J & Keating, N.C. (2000). Self-, informal and formal care: partnerships in community-based and residential long-term care settings. Canadian Journal on Aging, 191 (Suppl. 1), 75–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubin, A., & Shuttlesworth, G.E. (1983). Engaging families as support resources in nursing home care: Ambiguity in the subdivision of tasks. Gerontologist, 23(6), 632–636.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schwartz, A.N., & Vogel, M.E. (1990). Nursing home staff and residents' families role expectations. Gerontologist, 30(1), 49–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shanas, E. (1979). Social myth as hypothesis: The case of the family relations of old people. Gerontologist, 19(1), 3–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shore, B.A., Lerman, D.C., Smith, R.G., Iwata, B.A., & DeLeon, I.G. (1995). Direct assessment of quality of care in a geriatric nursing home. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 28(4), 435–448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, A.J., Pratt, C.C., & Eddy, L. (1995). Informal caregiving to aging family members: A critical review. Family Relations, 44, 402–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitler, J.M. (1996). Ethics of assisted autonomy in the nursing home: Types of assisting among long-term care nurses. Nursing Ethics, 3(3), 224–235.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, K.B. (1993). Assisted living: A model of supportive housing. In Katz, P.R., Kane, R.L., & Mezey, M.D. (Eds.), Advances in long term care Vol. 2 (pp. 196–218). New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Zarit, S.H., & Whitlatch, C.J. (1992). Institutional placement: Phases of the transition. Gerontologist, 32(5), 665–672.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed