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The Judicialization of Canadian Environmental Policy, 1980–1990: A Test of the Canada-United States Convergence Thesis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 November 2009

Michael Howlett
Affiliation:
Simon Fraser University

Abstract

Observers of the development and evolution of Canadian environmental policy have noted evidence of what appears to be a pattern of lagged emulation of United States environmental initiatives by Canadian authorities. The record of recent Canadian court activities in the area of environmental assessments is cited as evidence that Canadian environmental policy is converging with that of the US. Other commentators, however, have failed to observe the increase in litigation required to justify the convergence hypothesis. Using evidence gleaned from a database of over 150 Canadian superior court decisions on the environment between 1980 and 1989, this article finds little evidence of a systematic pattern of convergence in the judicialization of Canadian environmental policy, and suggests that the reasons for this lie in the different institutional and constitutional structures which define the roles and relationship of the judiciary, legislators and administrative agencies in each country.

Résumé

Des observateurs du développement et de l'évolution de la politique sur l'environnement du Canada ont remarqué les indices de ce qui apparaît comme un schéma d'imitation à retardement des orientations américaines par les autorités canadiennes. Un ensemble d'actes récemment rendus par la justice canadienne dans le secteur de l'environnement est cité comme preuve du rapprochement de la politique canadienne à l'endroit celle des États-Unis. D'autres commentateurs n'ont cependant pas réussi à déceler une augmentation du nombre de procès qui confirmerait l'hypothèse de la convergence des politiques. En utilisant les renseignements obtenus à partir d'une banque de données de plus de 150 jugements des cours supérieures du Canada en matière d'environnement entre 1980 et 1989, cet exposé trouve peu de preuves étayant un schéma de convergences systématique de la politique juridique canadienne sur l'environnement et explique ce phénomène par les différentes structures institutionnelles et constitutionnelles qui définissent les rôles et les relations entre les agences juridiques, législatives et administratives dans chaque pays.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Political Science Association (l'Association canadienne de science politique) and/et la Société québécoise de science politique 1994

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References

1 Research for this article was carried out under several British Columbia Work-Study and Challenge Grants between 1990 and 1993. I would like to thank Sonya Platter, Linda Young and Zhang Yu Guo for their assistance on this project. I am also grateful to Rebecca Raglon, Melody Hessing, David Laycock, Colin Bennett, Jim Bruton and George Hoberg for comments and discussion on earlier drafts.

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