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Stem Cells in Brain Tumour Development and Therapy- Two-Sides of the Same Coin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2014

Cathy Lee ,
Sandra E. Dunn  and
Stephen Yip
Cathy Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Experimental Medicine and Medical Genetics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia
Sandra E. Dunn*
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Experimental Medicine and Medical Genetics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia
Stephen Yip
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Centre for Translational and Applied Genomics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
*
Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Room 3082, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V6L 1G4, Canada.
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Abstract

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Primary brain tumours are difficult to manage clinically due to their abilities to invade adjacent tissue and infiltrate distant neuropil. These contribute to challenges in surgical management and also limit the effectiveness of radiotherapy. Despite initial responses to chemotherapy, most tumours become chemo-resistant, leading to relapse. Recent identification and isolation of brain cancer stem cells (BCSCs) have broadened our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis and potential Achilles' heel of brain tumours. BCSCs are thought to drive and propagate the tumour and therefore present an important target for further investigations. This review explores the history of the discovery of BCSCs and the evolving concept of “cancer stem cells” in neuro-oncology. We attempt to present a balanced view on the subject and also to update the readers on the molecular biology of BCSCs. Lastly, we outline the potential strategies to target BCSCs which will translate into specific and effective therapies for brain tumours.

Type
Review Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 39 , Issue 2 , March 2012 , pp. 145 - 156
Copyright
Copyright © The Canadian Journal of Neurological 2012

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