Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-sjtt6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-01T04:10:23.911Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Spasmodic Torticollis — Review of 220 Patients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2015

P. Rondot*
Affiliation:
Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Paris, France
M.P. Marchand
Affiliation:
Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Paris, France
G. Dellatolas
Affiliation:
Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Paris, France
*
Centre Raymond Garcin - Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, 1, rue Cabanis - 75674 Paris Cedex 14 - France
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract:

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

220 patients with isolated and idiopathic spasmodic torticollis were followed and treated over a 14 year period. Each patient was given a short questionnaire leading to the present retrospective data analysis. In most areas, including female preponderance and frequency of postural tremor, the findings confirmed previous studies and highlighted particular points: importance of psychopathological antecedents and association with stressful life-events. The discussion deals with some of the conflicting debates surrounding this unusual disorder. What is the role of psychopathological factors? What is the therapeutic prognosis? The best therapeutic results were obtained by combining anticholinergic drugs, local injections and rehabilitation.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation 1991

References

1.Wilson, SAK. In: Bruce, AN (editor). Neurology. London: Arnold 1940; 16645Google Scholar
2.Podivinsky, F. Torticollis. In: Vinken, PJ and Bruyn, GW (editor). Handbook of Clinical Neurology. North Holland, Amsterdam, 1968; 567603 (Diseases of the Basal Ganglia: vol. 16).Google Scholar
3.Patterson, RM, Little, SC. Spasmodic torticollis. J Nerv Ment Dis 1943; 98: 571599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Martin, PR. Spasmodic torticollis: A behavioural perspective. J BehavMed 1982; 5: 249270.Google Scholar
5.Rondot, P, Jedynak, CP, Ferrey, G. Le torticollis spasmodique. In: Masson, (editor). Rapport de Neurologic Congres de Psychiatrie et Neurologie de Langue Francaise. Colmar, 1981; Google Scholar
6.Tibbetts, RW. Spasmodic torticollis. J Psychosom Res 1971; 15: 461469.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.Brissaud, E. Lecons sur les maladies nerveuses. Henry Meige. Paris: 1895.Google Scholar
8.Meige, H, Feindel, E. Les tics et leur traitement. Masson, (editor). Paris: 1907.Google Scholar
9.Babinski, J. Sur le spasme du cou. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1901; 693.Google Scholar
10.Cruchet, R. Traitd des torticolis spasmodiques, spasmes, tics, rythmics du cou, torticolis mental. Masson et Cie, 1907.Google Scholar
11.Barre, JA. Le torticolis spasmodique. Rev Neurol (Paris), 1929; 9841013.Google Scholar
12.Kemberling, SR, Baird, HW, Spiegel, EA. Experimental torticollis of rhomboencephalic origin. J Neuropath Exp Neurol 1952; 11: 184191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Carpenter, MB. A study of the red nucleus in the rhesus monkey. Anatomical degeneration and physiological effects resulting from localized lesions of the red nucleus. J Comp Neurol, 1956; 105: 195249.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.White, RP, Hinwich, HE. Circus movements and excitation of striatal and mesodiencephalic centers in rabbits. J Neurophysiol 1957; 20: 8190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Foltz, EL, Knopp, LM, Ward, AA. Experimental spasmodic torticollis. J Neurosurg 1959; 16: 5572.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Denny-Brown, D. The midbrain and motor integration. Proc R Soc Med 1959; 55: 527538.Google Scholar
17.Mizawa, I. Experimental spasmodic torticollis in cat. Arch Jap Chirurg 1963; 32: 597624.Google Scholar
18.Tarlov, E. On the problem of pathology of spasmodic torticollis in man. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1970; 33: 457457.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Foerster, O. Mobile spasm of the neck muscles and its pathological basis. J Comp Neurol 1933; 58: 725735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Grinker, RR, Walker, AE. EThe pathology of spasmodic torticollis with a note on respiratory failure from anaesthesia in chronic encephalitis. J Nerv Ment Dis 1933; 78: 630637.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Alpers, BJ, Drayer, CS. The organic background of some cases of spasmodic torticollis. Report of a case with autopsy. Am J Med Sci 1937; 193: 378384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Svien, HJ, Cody, DTR. Treatment of spasmodic torticollis by suppression of labyrinthe activity: A report of a case. Mayo Clin Proc 1969; 44: 825827.Google Scholar
23.Matthews, WB, Beasley, P, Parry-Jones, W, Garland, G. Spasmodic torticollis: A combined clinical study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1978; 41: 485492.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24.Marsden, CD. Dystonia: The spectrum of the disease.In: Yahr, MD (editor). The basal ganglia. New York: 1976; 3567Google Scholar
25.Chateau, R, Fau, R, Groslambert, R, Perret, J. A propos d’un cas de torticolis spasmodique irreversible survenu au cours d’un traitement par neuroleptiques. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1966; 144: 6568.Google Scholar
26.Harenko, A. Retrocollis as an irreversible late complication of neuroleptic medication. Acta Neurol Scand 1967; 43(suppl. 31): 145146.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27.Sigwald, J, Raymondeaud, C. Les mouvements anormaux observed au cours du traitement de la maladie de Parkinson par la L. Dopa. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1970; 122: 103112.Google Scholar
28.Barbeau, A, Mars, H, Gillojoffroy, L. Adverse clinical side effects of levodopa therapy. In: McDowell, FH, Markham, CH (editor). Recent advances in Parkinson’s disease. hiladelphia: FA Davis Co, 1971; 203237Google Scholar
29.Eldridge, R, Raymondeaud, C. The torsion dystonias: Literature review and genetic and clinical studies. Neurology (Minneap) 1970; 20: 178.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30.Barbeau, A, Zeman, W, Dyken, P. Dystonia musculorum deformans. In: Vinken, PJ, Bruyn, GW (editor). RHandbook of clinical Neurology, North-Holland. Amsterdam, 1963; 517543 (Diseases of the basal ganglia: vol. 6).Google Scholar
31.Sorensen, BF, Hamby, WB. Spasmodic torticollis. Neurology 1966; 16: 867878.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Marsden, CD, Harrison, MJG. Idiopathic torsion dystonia (dystonia musculorum deformans) Brain 97; 793: 810878.Google Scholar
33.Marsden, CD, Zeman, MJG, Bundey, S. The natural history of idiopathic torsion dystonia. In: Eldridge, R, Fahn, S (editor). Advances in Neurology, New York:Raven Press 1976; 177186 (Dystonia: vol. 14).Google Scholar
34.Couch, JR. Dystonia and tremor in spasmodic torticollis. In: Eldridge, R, Fahn, S (editor). Advances in Neurology, New York:Raven Press 1976; 245257 (Dystonia: vol. 14).Google Scholar
35.Sorensen, E, Glaser, GH. Spasmodic torticollis: Clinical evaluation. Arch Neurol 1949; 61: 227239.Google Scholar
36.Marsden, CD. The problem of adult-onset idiopathic torsion dystonia and other isolated dyskinesias in adult life (including blepharospasm, oromandibular dystonia, dystonic writer’s cramp and torticollis or axial dystonia). In: Eldridge, R, Fahn, S (editor). Advances in Neurology, New York:Raven Press 1976; 259276 (Dystonia: vol. 14).Google Scholar
37.Fahn, S, Eldridge, R. The problem of adult-onset idiopathic torsion dystonia and other isolated dyskinesias in adult life (including blepharospasm, oromandibular dystonia, dystonic writer’s cramp and torticollis or axial dystonia). In: Eldridge, R, Fahn, S (editor). Advances in Neurology, New York:Raven Press 1976; 15 (Dystonia: vol. 14).Google Scholar
38.Lee, E. Spasmodic torticollis and other idiopathic torsion dystonias. Postgrad Med 1984; 75: 139146.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
39.Gildenberg, PL. Comprehensive management of spasmodic torticollis. Appl Neurophysiol 1981; 44: 233243.Google ScholarPubMed
40.Jorgensen, C, Porphyris, H. Idiopathic spasmodic torticollis. J Neurosurg Nurs 1985; 17: 169174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41.Friedman, A, Fahn, S. Spontaneous remissions in spasmodic torticolis. Neurology (Cleveland) 1986; 36: 398400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
42.Lai, S. Pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of spasmodic torticollis. A review. Can J Neurol Sci 1979; 6: 427435.Google Scholar
43.Lundberg, NG, Svantesson, G. The surgical treatment of dystonic torticollis. Acta Orthop Scand 1962; 32: 101120.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
44.Lishman, WA. Spasmodic torticollis. In: AOrganic Psychiatry, Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications 1978; 776784.Google Scholar
45.Klassen, AC. Torticollis. Postgrad Med 1984; 75: 124125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
46.Duane, DD. Spasmodic torticollis: Clinical and Biologic Features and their implications for Focal Dystonia. In: Fahn, S, et al (editor).Advances in Neurology, New York: Raven Press 1988: 473492.Google Scholar
47.Koller, WC, Barr, A, Biary, N. Biary Estrogen treatment of dystonic disorders. Neurology (NY) 1982; 32: 547549.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
48.Robinson, RO. Stutchfield, P, Hicks, B, Marsden, CD. Estrogens and dyskinesia. Neurology (Cleveland) 1984; 34: 404.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
49.Quinn, NP, Marsden, CD. Menstral related fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease. Movement Disorders 1986; 1: 8587.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
50.Hamby, WB, Schiffer, S. Spasmodic torticollis: Results after cervical rhizotomy in 50 cases. J Neurosurg 1969; 31: 323326.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
51.Tsui, JK, Eisen, A, Mak, E, Larruthers, J. Scott, A, Calne, DB. A pilot study on the use of botulinum toxin in TS. Can J Neurol Sci 1985; 12:314318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
52.Jayne, D, Lees, A, Stern, GM. Remission in spasmodic torticollis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1984; 47: 12361237.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
53.Cockburn, TT. Spasmodic torticollis: A psychogenic condition? J Psychosomat Res 1971; 15:471477.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
54.Hernesniemi, J, Laitinen, L. Resulats tardifs de la chirurgie dans le TS. Neurochirurgie 1977; 23: 123131.Google Scholar
55.Meares, R. Features which distinguish groups of spasmodic torticollis. J Psychosom Res 1971; 15: 111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
56.Cooper, IS. Effect of thalamic lesions upon torticollis. N Engl J Med 1964; 270: 967972.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
57.Larsson, T, Sjogren, T. Dystonia musculorum deformans. A genetic and clinical population. Study of 121 cases. Acta Neurol Scand (suppl. 17) 1966: 1232.Google Scholar
58.Johnson, W, Schwartz, G, Barbeau, A. Studies on dystonia musculorum deformans,. Arch Neurol 1962; 7: 301313.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
59.Yanagisawa, N, Goto, A, Narabayashi, H. Familial dystonia musculorum deformans and tremor. J Neurol Sci 1971; 16: 125136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
60.Thompson, JH. A wry-necked family. Lancet 1896; 2: 24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
61.Van Bogaert, L. Etudes anatomo-cliniques de syndromes hypercinétiques complexes. II. Un torticolis héréditaire et familial avec tremblement. Mschr Psychiat Neurol 1941; 103: 321342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
62.Gilbert, GJ. Familial spasmodic torticollis. Neurology (Minneap) 1977; 27: 1113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
63.Spielberger, CD, Gorsuch, RL, Lushene, RE. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, California: Consulting Psychologist Press, 1970.Google Scholar
64.Ferenczi, S. Le développement du sens de réalités et ses stades (Ed. Francaise) In: Psychanalyse tome 2; Payot Ed 1970; 5165.Google Scholar
65.Whiles, WH. Treatment of spasmodic torticollis by psychotherapy. Br Med J 1940; 1:969971.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
66.Cleveland, SE. Personality dynamics in torticollis. J Nerv Ment Dis 1961; 129: 150161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
67.Abse, DW. Hysteria and related disorders. Bristol: Wright, 1966.Google Scholar
68.Mitscherlich, M. Spasmodic torticollis. Psychoter Psychosom 1971; 19: 6275.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
69.Paterson, MT. Spasmodic torticollis: Results of psychotheraphy in 21 cases. Lancet 1945; 21: 556559.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
70.Choppy-Jacolin, M, Ferrey, G, Demaria, CA. A psychometric study of 34 patients afflicted with spasmodic torticollis and dystonia. Acta Neurol Scand 1977; 55: 483492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
71.Jahanshahi, M, Marsden, CD. Personality in torticollis: A controlled study. Psychol Med, 1988; 18: 375387.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
72.Naber, D, Weinberger, DR, Bullinger, M, et al. Personality variables, neurological and psychopathological symptoms in patients suffering from spasmodic torticollis. Comprehensive Psychiatry 1988; 29: 182187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
73.Gilbert, GJ. Spasmodic torticollis treated effectively by medical means. N Eng J Med 1971; 284: 896898.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
74.Lang, AE, Marsden, CD. Alphamethylparatyrosine and tetrabenazine in movement disorders. Clin Neuropharmacol 1982; 5: 375387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
75.Meares, R. Natural history of spasmodic torticollis and effect of surgery. Lancet 1971; 2: 149151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
76.Lowenstein, DH, Aminoff, MJ. The clinical course of spasmodic torticollis. Neurology 1988; 38: 530532.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
77.Jahanshahi, M, Marion, MH, Marsden, CD. Natural history of adultonset idiopathic torticollis. Arch Neurol 1990; 47: 548552.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
78.Rondot, P, Bathien, N, Ziegler, M. Les mouvements anormaux. Masson, , ed. Paris 1988.Google Scholar
79.Marsden, CD, Tarsy, D, Baldessarini, RJ. Spontaneous and druginduced movement disorders in psychotic patients. In: Benson, DF, Blumer, D, eds. Psychiatric aspects of neurologic disease. New York: Grune and Stratton 1975; 219266.Google Scholar
80.Gupta, JM, Lovejoy, FM. Acute phenothiazine toxicity in childhood: A five-year survey. Pediatics 1967; 39: 771774.Google ScholarPubMed
81.Swett, C. Drug-induced dystonia. Am J Psychiatry 1975; 132: 532534.Google ScholarPubMed
82.DI Mascia, A, Bernado, DL, Greenblatt, DJ, et al. A controlled trial of amantadine in drug-induced extra-pyramidal disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976; 33: 599602.Google Scholar
83.Fletcher, NA, Harding, AE, Marsden, CD. The role of trauma in the development of idiopathic torsion dystonia. J Neurol 1990; 237, (suppl. 1): S5.Google Scholar
84.Korein, J. Brudny, J. Grynbaum, B, Sachs-Frankel, G, Weisinger, M, Levidow, L. Sensory feedback therapy of spasmodic torticollis and dystonia. Results in treatment of 59 patients. In: Eldridge, R, Fahn, S, eds. Advances in Neurology. New York: Raven Press 1976: 375402 (Dystonia: vol. 14).Google Scholar
85.Redfield, J. Stone, A. Individual view points of stressful life events. J Consul Clin Psychol 1979; 47: 147154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
86.Stejskal, L, Tomanek, Z. Postural laterality in torticollis and torsion dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1981; 44: 10291034.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
87.Stejskal, L. Counterpressure in torticollis. J Neurol Sci 1980; 48: 919.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
88.Forgach, L, Eisen, A, Fleetham, J, Calne, DB. Studies of dystonic torticollis during sleep. Abstract presented at 38th annual meeting, American Academy of Neurology, New Orleans. Neurology.Google Scholar
89.Campbell, K. Body and Mind. 1984, Notre-Dame, Indiana: University of Notre-Dame Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
90.Gelb, DJ, Lowenstein, DH, Aminoff, MJ. Controlled trial of botulinum toxin injections in the treatment of ST Neurology 1989; 39: 8084.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
91.American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Stastistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition Revised (DSM III R), Washington DC, APA, 1987.Google Scholar
92.Fahn, S, Williams, DT. Psychogenic dystonia. In: Fahn, S, et al, eds. Advances in Neurology. New York: Raven Press, 1988: 431455 (Dystonia 2: vol. 50).Google Scholar
93.Lai, S, Hoyte, KE, et al. Neuropharmacological investigation and treatment of ST. In: Poirier, LJ, Sourkes, TL, Bedard, PJ, eds. Advances in Neurology. New York: Raven Press, 1979: 335351 (The extra-pyramidal system and its disorders: vol. 24).Google Scholar
94.Tanner, CM, Goetz, CG, Glantz, RH, Nausieda, PA, Weiner, WJ, Klawans, WJ. Cholinergic mechanisms in idiopathic partial and segmental dystonias. Ann Neurol 1981; 10: 94.Google Scholar
95.Stahl, SM, Berger, PA. Bromocriptine, physostigmine and neurotransmitter mechanisms in the dystonias. Neurology (NY) 1982; 32: 889892.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
96.Lang, AE, Sheehy, MP, Marsden, CD. Acute anticholinergic action in focal dystonia. In: Fahn, S, Calne, DB, Shoulsoni, I, eds. Advances in Neurology: Raven Press, 1983: 193200 (Experimental therapeutics of movement disorders: vol. 37).Google Scholar
97.Fahn, S. High dosage anticholinergic therapy in dystonia. Neurology (Cleveland) 1983; 33: 12551261.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
98.Tsui, JK, Eisen, A, Stoessl, JA, et al. Double-blind study of botulinum toxin in spasmodic torticollis. Lancet 1986; 2: 245246.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
99.Stell, R, Thompson, PD, Marsden, CD. Botulinum toxin in spasmodic torticollis. J Neurol Neurosurg and Psychiatry 1988; 51: 920923.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed