Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-sxzjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-18T15:16:19.263Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Physiological Basis of Cerebellar Dysmetria

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2015

John T. Murphy*
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
C. Kwan
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
William A. MacKay
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Yiu C. Wong
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
*
Dept. of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary:

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

A primary control system for the arm position is formulated. The hypothesis that the cerebellum is a part of the system controller is checked by studying the nerve cells responses in the cerebellum, and motor cortex, to natural activation of muscular receptors. The results show that the cerebellum receives feedback information related to the speed of these receptors. The discussion concentrates on how the interruption of this feedback may result in excessive oscillations to instability. These observations are the base for evaluating how the cerebral lesions produce dismeasurements.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation 1975

References

REFERENCES

Asanuma, H. and Sakata, H. (1967). Functional organization of a cortical efferent system examined with focal depth stimulation in cats. J. Neurophysiol., 30, 3554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brodal, A. (1967). Anatomical studies of cerebellar fibre connections with special reference to problems of functional localization. In: The Cerebellum. Progress in Brain Research, Vol. 25, Fox, C.A. and Snider, R.S. (eds.), pp. 135173, Elsevier, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Brooks, V.B., Kozlovskaya, I.B., Atkin, A., Horvath, F.E. and Uno, M. (1973). Effects of cooling dendate nucleus on tracking-task performance in monkeys. J. Neurophysiol., 36, 974995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crill, W.E. (1970). Unitary mutiplespiked responses in cat inferior olive nucleus. J. Neurophysiol., 33, 199209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Demontigney, C. and Lamarre, Y. (1973). Rhythmic activity induced by harmaline in the olivo-cerebello-bulbar system of the cat. Brain Research, 53, 8195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eccles, J.C. (1964). The Physiology of Synapses, pp. 316, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eccles, J.C., Faber, D.S., Murphy, J.T., Sabah, H. and Taborikova, H. (1971). Investigations on integration of mossy fiber inputs to Purkyne cells in the anterior lobe. Exp. Brain Res., 13, 5477.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grant, G. (1962). Spinal course and somatotopically localized termination of the spinocerebellar tracts. An experimental study in the cat. Acta Physiol. Scand. 56, supp. 193, 561.Google ScholarPubMed
Holmes, G. (1917). The symptoms of acute cerebellar injuries due to gunshot injuries. Brain, 40 (4), 461535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmes, G. (1922). The Croonian lectures on the clinical symptoms of cerebellar disease and their interpretation. The Lancet, 202, 12311237.Google Scholar
Holmes, G. (1939). The cerebellum of man. Brain, 62, 130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Houk, J. and Henneman, E. (1974). Feedback control of muscle: introductory concepts, in: Medical Physiology, Vol. 13, Mountcastle, V.B. (ed.), pp. 608616, Mosby, St.Louis.Google Scholar
Kawaguchi, S. and Ono, T. (1974). Responses on interpositus neurones to inputs from muscle receptors. Exptl. Brain Res., 21, 375386.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lucier, G.E., Ruegg, D.G., and Wiesendanger, M. (1975, in press). Responses of neurones in motor cortex and in area 3a to controlled stretches of forelimb muscles in cebus monkeys. J. Physiol.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mackay, W.A. and Murphy, J.T. (1974). Responses of interpositus neurons to passive muscle stretch. J. Neurophysiol., 37, 14101423.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matthews, P.B.C. (1972). Mammalian Muscle Receptors and their Central Actions, 630 pp., Arnold, London.Google Scholar
Meyer-Lohmann, J., Conrad, B., Matsunami, K. and Brooks, V.B. (1975, in press). Effects of dentate cooling on precentral unit activity following torque pulse injections into elbow movements. Brain Research.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murphy, J.T., Mackay, W.A. and Johnson, F. (1973a). Responses of cerebellar cortical neurons to dynamic proprioceptive inputs from forelimb muscles. J. Neurophysiol., 34, 711723.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, J.T., Mackay, W.A. and Johnson, F. (1973b). Differences between cerebellar mossy and climbing fibres responses to natural stimulation of forelimb muscle proprioceptors. Brain Research, 55, 263289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murphy, J.T. and Sabah, N.H. (1971). Cerebellar Purkinje cell responses to afferent inputs: I. Climbing fiber activation. Brain Research, 25, 449467.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murphy, J.T., Wong, Y.C. and Kwan, H.C. (1975, in press). Afferentefferent linkages in motor cortex for single forelimb muscles. J. Neurophysiol.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oscarsson, O. (1967). Functional significance of information channels from the spinal cord to the cerebellum. In: Neurophysiological Basis of Normal and Abnormal Motor Activities. Yahr, M.D. and Purpura, D.P. (eds.), pp. 93116Raven Press, New York.Google Scholar
Robinson, D.A. (1974). Cerebellar adaptation of the vestibuloocular reflex to modified visual input. Soc. for Neuroscience, 4th Annual Meeting, St. Louis, p. 397.Google Scholar
Rosen, I. (1972). Projection of forelimb group I muscle afferents to the cat cerebral cortex. Intl. Rev. Neurobiol., 15, 125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sedgewick, E.M. and Williams, T.D. (1967). Responses of single units in the inferior olive to stimulation of the limb nerves, peripheral skin receptors, cerebellum, caudate nucleus, and motor cortex. J. Physiol., 189, 261279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stein, R.B. (1974). Peripheral control of movement. Physiol. Rev., 54, 215243.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thach, W.T. (1970). Discharge of cerebellar neurons to two maintained postures and two prompt movements. II. Purkinje cell output and input. J. Neurophysiol., 33, 537546.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Voogd, J., Broere, G. and Van Rossum, J. (1969). The medio-lateral distribution of the spinocerebellar projection in the anterior lobe and the simple lobule in the cat and a comparison with some other afferent fibre systems. Psychiat. Neurol. Neurochir., 72, 137151.Google Scholar
Wiener, N. (1948). Cybernetics, pp. 194, Wiley, New York.Google ScholarPubMed