Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-sjtt6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-04T09:34:44.631Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Modification of Motor Output to Compensate for Unanticipated Load Conditions During Rapid Voluntary Movements

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2015

R.G. Lee ,
G.E. Lucier ,
B.E. Mustard  and
D.G. White
R.G. Lee*
Affiliation:
Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary
G.E. Lucier
Affiliation:
Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary
B.E. Mustard
Affiliation:
Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary
D.G. White
Affiliation:
Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary
*
Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Foothills Hospital, 1403 29th Street N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 2T9
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract:

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Mechanisms responsible for load compensation during fast voluntary movements were investigated in 20 normal subjects trained to carry out rapid wrist flexions against a standard load. When an unanticipated increase in load occurred, there was a compensatory increase in agonist EMG and decrease in antagonist EMG. Unanticipated decreases in load produced reciprocal changes with a decrease in agonist EMG and an increase in antagonist EMG. The latency of these EMG changes was quite short and compatible with a spinal reflex mechanism rather than a long loop response. The results suggest that mechanisms exist at the spinal level to allow rapid modification of motor programs when unanticipated load conditions are encountered on initiation of movement.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 13 , Issue 2 , May 1986 , pp. 97 - 102
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation 1986

References

REFERENCES

1.Kornhuber, HH. Motor functions of cerebellum and basal ganglia: The cerebello-cortical saccadic (ballistic) clock, the cerebello-nuclear hold regulator, and the basal ganglia ramp (voluntary, speed smooth movements) generator. Kybernetik 1971; 8:157–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Desmedt, JE. Godaux, E. Ballistic skilled movements: Load compensation and patterning of the motor commands. In: Cerebral motor control in man: long loop mechanisms. Desmedt, JE, ed. Prog clin Neurophysiol. Basel, Karger. 1978;4: 21–55.Google Scholar
3.Dufresne, JR. Gurfinkel, VS. Soechting, JF. Terzuolo, CA. Response to transient disturbances during intentional forearm flexion in man. Brain Res 1978; 150: 103–115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Hallett, M, Marsden, CD. Ballistic flexion movements of the human thumb. J Physiol 1979; 294: 33–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5.Cooke, JD. The role of stretch reflexes during active movements. Brain Res 1980; 181: 493–497.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Lee, RG, Lucier, GE. Interaction between sensory input and motor output during rapid learned movements in man. Electroenceph clin Neurophysiol 1982; suppl 36: 422–429.Google ScholarPubMed
7.Hallett, M, Shahani, BT, Young, RR. EMG analysis of stereotyped voluntary movements in man. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1975; 38: 1154–1162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Freund, HJ, Budingen, HJ. The relationship between speed and amplitude of the fastest voluntary contractions of human arm muscles. Exp Brain Res 1978; 31: 1–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Brown, SHC, Cooke, JD. Amplitude and instruction dependent modulations of movement related electromyogram activity in humans. J Physiol 1981: 316: 97–107.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Meinck, H-M, Benecke, R, Meyer, W, et al. Human ballistic finger flexion: uncoupling of the three-burst pattern. Exp Brain Res 1984; 55: 127–133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Lestienne, F. Effects of inertial load and velocity on the braking process of voluntary limb movements. Exp Brain Res 1979; 35: 407–418.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Benecke, R, Meinck, H-M, Conrad, B. Rapid goal-directed elbow flexion movements: limitations of the speed control system due to neural constraints. Exp Brain Res 1985; 59: 470–477.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Megaw, ED. Possible modification to a rapid ongoing programmed manual response. Brain Res 1974:71: 425–442.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Bizzi, E, Dev, P, Morasso, Y, Polit, A. The effects of load disturbances during centrally initiated movements. J Neurophysiol 1978;41: 542–556.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Marsden, W, Merton, PA, Morton, HB. Is the human stretch reflex cortical rather than spinal? Lancet 1973; 1: 759–761.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Lee, RG, Tatton, WG. Motor responses to sudden limb displacements in primates with specific CNS lesions and in human patients with motor system disorders. Cañad J Neurol Sci 1975; 2: 285–293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Day, BL, Marsden, CD. Accurate repositioning of the human thumb against unpredictable dynamic loads is dependent upon peripheral feedback. J Physiol 1982; 327: 393–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Brown, SHC, Cooke, JD. Responses to force perturbations preceding voluntary human arm movements. Brain Res 1981; 220: 350–353.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Mortimer, JA, Webster, DD, Duckich, TG. Changes in short and long-latency stretch responses during the transition from posture to movement. Brain Res 1981:229: 337–351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Day, BL, Rothwell, JC, Marsden, CD. Interaction between the longlatency stretch reflex in voluntary electromyographic activity prior to a rapid voluntary motor reaction. Brain Res 1983; 270: 55–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Eccles, JC, Eccles, RM, Lundberg, A. Synaptic actions on motoneurons caused by impulses in Golgi tendon organ afférents. J Physiol (London) 1957; 138: 227–252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22.Burke, D, Hagbarth, KE, Lofstedt, L. Muscle spindle activity in man during shortening and lengthening contractions. J Physiol 1978: 277: 131–142.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.Prochazka, A, Stephens, JA, Wand, P. Muscle spindle discharges in normal and obstructed movements. J Physiol 1979; 287: 57–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed