Background: Neurosurgery is a high-risk specialty with a low margin of error. We aim to assess the risk of neurosurgeons being involved in medicolegal cases in Canada. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study evaluated ten years (2012-2021) of closed legal cases, college cases, and hospital complaints against neurosurgeons with data from the CMPA. Included cases were cranial cases, VP shunts, or cases where a catheter or wire was inserted into the brain. Cases excluded angiography, radiation, ultrasound, or percutaneous procedures. Results: We identified 77 cases (66 urgent or emergent). Neurosurgeons had a significantly higher medicolegal risk than the CMPA surgeon membership, however lower risk compared to all physician specialties. Legal cases accounted for 69% with favourable outcomes in 52%. Forty-one cases involved post-operative complications and 16 cases involved VP shunts. Multiple surgeons or residents could be involved spanning age groups and years in practice. Thirty-four cases had a harmful incident, 41% of these severe. The majority of cases occurred at urban centers. The average case duration was 41 months. Conclusions: This study provides a recent medicolegal analysis of cranial neurosurgery in Canada. We identified areas of common complaints and hope the data can be used to mitigate risk surgical risk in the future.