Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-thh2z Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-17T17:44:21.674Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Absence of Gliosis in the Brains of Epileptic Fowl

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2015

D.G. Munoz ,
B. McNab ,
D.H. George  and
D. Johnson
D.G. Munoz*
Affiliation:
Departments of Pathology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W0
B. McNab
Affiliation:
Departments of Pathology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W0
D.H. George
Affiliation:
Departments of Pathology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W0
D. Johnson
Affiliation:
Departments of Pathology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W0
*
Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Building, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W0
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract:

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Chickens homozygous for the epi gene (epileptics) suffer from spontaneous seizures throughout their life, whereas heterozygous (carriers) are phenotypically normal. Seizures can also be evoked in epileptics by photic stimulation. In addition, epileptic chickens' brains are 25% heavier than those of carriers. We have investigated whether hyperplasia or hypertrophy of astrocytes or increased numbers of astrocytic processes are involved in the development of seizures and the megalencephaly in this model by quantitative comparison of sections immunocytochemically stained for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). No statistically significant differences between epileptics and controls were found in any of seven areas selected for comparison. In this model gliosis is not involved in the development of epilepsy, nor does it result from repeated seizures.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 15 , Issue 4 , November 1988 , pp. 409 - 412
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation 1988

References

REFERENCES

1.Anderson, VE, Hauser, WA, Rich, SS. Genetic heterogeneity in the epilepsies. In: Delgado-Escueta, AV, Ward, AA, Woodbury, DM, Porter, RJ, eds. Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies. Molecular and Cellular Approaches. Advances in Neurology. Raven Press, New York 1986: 59–75.Google Scholar
2.Delgado-Escueta, AV, White, R, Greenberg, DA, et al. Looking for epilepsy genes: Clinical and molecular genetic studies. In: Delgado-Escueta, AV, Ward, AA, Woodbury, DM, Porter, RJ, eds. Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies. Molecular and Cellular Approaches. Advances in Neurology, vol. 44. Raven Press, New York 1986: 77–95.Google Scholar
3.Paul, LA, Fried, I, Watanabe, K, et al. Structural correlates of seizure behavior in the mongolian gerbil. Science 1981; 213: 924–926.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Ribak, CE. Contemporary methods in neurocytology and their application to the study of epilepsy. In: Delgado-Escueta, AV, Ward, AA, Woodbury, DM, Porter, RJ, eds. Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies. Molecular and Cellular Approaches. Advances in Neurology, vol. 44. Raven Press, New York 1986: 739–764.Google Scholar
5.Crawford, RD. Epileptiform seizures in domestic fowl. J Hered 1970; 61: 185–188.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Crichlow, EC, Crawford, RD. Epileptiform seizures in domestic fowl II. Intermittent light stimulation and the electroencephalogram. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1974; 52: 424–429.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.Johnson, DD, Davis, HL, Crawford, RD. Pharmacological and biochemical studies in epileptic fowl. Federation Proc 1979; 38: 2417–2423.Google ScholarPubMed
8.Johnson, DD, Crawford, KDA, Crawford, RD. Febrile seizures in epileptic chicks: The effects of phenobarbital, phenytoin and valproate. Can J Neurol Sci 1983; 10: 96–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Johnson, DD, Davis, HL. Drug responses and brain biochemistry of the Epi mutant chicken. In: Ookawa, T, ed. The Brain and Behaviour of the Fowl. Jpn Sci Soc Press, Tokyo 1983: 281–296.Google Scholar
10.Bignami, A, Dahl, D. The astroglial response to stabbing. Immunofluorescence studies with antibodies to astrocytic specific protein (GFA) in mammalian and submammalian vertebrates. Neuropathol Appi Neurobiol 1976; 2: 99–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Trachtenberg, MC, Pollen, DA. Neuroglia: Biophysical properties and physiological function. Science 1970; 167: 1248–1252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Brotchi, J, Tanaka, T, Leviel, V. Lack of activated astrocytes in the kindling phenomenon. Exp Neurol 1978; 58: 119–125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Grisar, TM. Neuron-glia relationships in human and experimental epilepsy: A biochemical point of view. In: Delgado-Escueta, AV, Ward, AA, Woodbury, DM, Porter, RJ, eds. Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies. Molecular and Cellular Approaches. Advances in Neurology, vol. 44. Raven Press, New York. 1986: 1045–1073.Google Scholar
14.White, HS, Woodbury, DM, Chen, CF, et al. Role of glial cation and anion transport mechanisms in the etiology and arrest of seizures. In: Delgado-Escueta, AV, Ward, AA, Woodbury, DM. Porter, RJ, eds. Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies. Molecular and Cellular Approaches. Advances In Neurology, vol. 44. Raven Press, New York 1986: 695–712.Google Scholar
15.Olney, JW, Collins, RC, Sloviter, RS. Excitotoxic mechanisms of brain damage. In: Delgado-Escueta, AV, Ward, AA, Woodbury, DM, Porter, RJ, eds. Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies. Molecular and Cellular Approaches. Advances in Neurology, vol. 44. Raven Press, New York 1986: 857–877.Google Scholar
16.Meldrum, BS, Corsellis, JAN. Epilepsy. In: Adams, JHCorsellis, JANDuchen, LW, eds. Greenfield’s Neuropathology. Wiley, New York 1984: 921–950.Google Scholar
17.Green, JR, Scheetz, DG. Surgery of epileptogenic lesions of the temporal lobe. Arch Neurol 1964; 10: 135–148.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18.Dam, AM, Bajorek, JC, Lomax, P. Hippocampal neuron density and seizures in the Mongolian gerbil. Epilepsia 1981; 22: 667–674.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Sturkie, PD. Avian Physiology, 3rd ed. Springer-Verlag, New York 1976.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Jungherr, EL. The neuroanatomy of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). American Association of Avian Pathologists, Amherst, Mass. 1969.Google Scholar
21.van Tienhoven, A, Juhasz, LP. The chicken telencephalon, diencephalon and mesencephalon in stereotaxic coordinates. J Comp Neurol 1962; 118: 185–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Munoz-Garcia, D, Ludwin, SK. Gliogenesis in organotypic tissue culture of the spinal cord of the embryonic mouse. I. Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies. J Neurocytol 1986; 15: 173–290.Google ScholarPubMed
23.Cohn, R. A neuropathological study of a case of petit mal epilepsy. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 1968; 24: 281.Google ScholarPubMed
24.Meencke, H-J, Janz, D. Neuropathological findings in primary generalized epilepsy: A study of eight cases. Epilepsia 1984; 25: 821.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25.Janz, D, Neimanis, G. Clinico-anatomical study of a case of idiopathic epilepsy with impulsive petit mal (“Impulsiv-Petis mal”) and Grand Mai on awakening (“Aufwach-Grand mal”). Epilepsia 1961; 2: 251–269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Stevens, JR. Focal abnormality in petit mal epilepsy. Neurology 1970; 20: 1069–1076.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Sarnat, HB, Netsky, MG. Evolution of the Nervous System, 2nd Ed. New York, Oxford Press 1981.Google Scholar