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Probiotics: on-going research on atopic individuals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

K. Laiho ,
U. Hoppu ,
A. C. Ouwehand ,
S. Salminen  and
E. Isolauri
K. Laiho
Affiliation:
Department of Paediatrics, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
U. Hoppu
Affiliation:
Department of Paediatrics, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
A. C. Ouwehand
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Finland
S. Salminen
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Finland
E. Isolauri*
Affiliation:
Department of Paediatrics, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
*
*Corresponding author:Dr E. Isolauri, tel +358 2 3131611, fax +358 2 3131460, email erika.isolauri@utu.fi
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Abstract

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The challenge for the modern health care system is to fight against the increasing prevalence of atopic disease. The introduction of scientifically composed probiotic functional foods for prophylactic or therapeutic purposes could be one solution. Probiotics are live microbial food supplements or components of bacteria which have beneficial effects on human health. Specific strains have been demonstrated to exert powerful anti-pathogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects. The hygiene hypothesis suggests that atopic disease may arise from a lack of counterbalancing microbial exposure at an early age. The initial compositional development of the gut microflora is considered a key determinant of the development of both the immune responder phenotype and normal gut barrier functions. The regulatory role of probiotics in human allergic disease was first emphasised in the demonstration of a suppressive effect on lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin-4 generation in vitro. Subsequently, a significant improvement in the clinical course of atopic eczema was reported in infants given a probiotic-supplemented diet. The potential of probiotics to reduce the risk of atopic disease has recently been demonstrated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study: probiotics administered pre- and postnatally for 6 months to at-risk subjects reduced the prevalence of atopic eczema to half of that observed in infants receiving placebo. Ongoing research is directed towards the development of novel techniques to characterise the gut microflora. Future research will clarify the mechanisms to control specific physiological processes in the evolution of atopic disease in at-risk populations or in the management of allergic diseases.

Keywords

ProbioticsAtopic diseaseFunctional foods
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 88 , Issue S1 , September 2002 , pp. s19 - s27
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2002

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