Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-x4r87 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T07:34:55.631Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The energy, nutrient and food intakes of teenagers aged 16–17 years in Britain

1. Energy, macronutrients and non-starch polysaccharides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Helen F. Crawley
Affiliation:
School of Life Sciences, The University of North London, Holloway Road, London N7 8DB
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

As part of the 16–17 year follow-up of the 1970 longitudinal birth cohort study, The International Centre for Child Studies collected dietary data from a National sample of 4760 teenagers. Dietary intake data were collected in 4 d unweighed dietary diaries, distributed by schools and returned by post. Dietary intake data were quantitatively coded, and the intakes of energy, macronutrients and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) are reported. Intakes of fat and extrinsic sugars, expressed as a percentage of energy intake, exceeded recent recommendations (Department of Health, 1991), and the intakes of intrinsic sugars, milk sugars and starch, and NSP were considerably lower than recommended. Only 25 % of males and 10 % of females achieved intakes of 18 g NSP/d. The main food groups contributing fat (%) to the diets of teenagers (for males and females respectively) were meat and meat products (24·2, 22·1). Spreading fats (18·6, 18·1) and cereals and cereal products (18, 17·8), whilst the major sources of sugars (%) were (for males and females respectively) sugar and confectionary (28·2, 26·4), cereals and cereal products (24·5, 23) and beverages (21·9, 21·5). Less than half the cohort drank alcohol during the recording period, and about 6% of females drank more than 2 units alcohol/d, and about 6% of males drank more than 3 units alcohol/d.

Type
Food and Nutrition intakes of Populations
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1993

References

REFERENCES

Barker, M. E., McLean, S. I., McKenna, P. G., Reid, N. G., Strain, J. J., Thompson, K. A., Williamson, A. P. & Wright, M. E. (1989). Diet, Lifestyle and Health in Northern Ireland. Coleraine: Centre for Applied Health Studies, University of Ulster.Google Scholar
Bingham, S. (1987). The dietary assessment of individuals; methods, accuracy, new techniques and recommendations. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews 57A, 105742.Google Scholar
Bingham, S. A., Pett, S. & Day, K. C. (1990). Non-starch polysaccharide intake of a representative sample of British adults. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 3, 333337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Black, A. E., Goldberg, G. R., Jebb, S. A., Livingstone, M. B. E., Cole, T. J. & Prentice, A. M. (1991). Critical evaluation of energy intake data using fundamental principles of energy physiology. 2. Evaluating the results of published surveys. European Journal of Clinicul Nutrition 45, 583599.Google ScholarPubMed
Borelli, R., Cole, T. J., Di Base, G. & Contaldo, F. (1989). Some statistical considerations on dietary assessment methods. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 43, 453463.Google Scholar
Braddon, F. E. M., Wadsworth, M. E. J., Davies, J. M. C. & Cripps, H. A. (1988). Social and regional differences in food and alcohol consumption and their measurement in a national birth cohort. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 42, 341349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bull, N. (1985). Dietary habits of 15–25 year olds. Human Nutrition: Applied Nutrition 39A, Suppl. 1, pp. 168.Google Scholar
Bull, N. L. & Wheeler, E. F. (1986). A study of different dietary survey methods among 30 civil servants. Human Nutrition: Applied Nutrition 40A, 6066.Google Scholar
Butler, N. R. & Bonham, D. G. (1963). Perinatal mortality. First report of the 1958 perinatal mortality survey. Edinburgh: E & S Livingstone.Google Scholar
Butler, N. R., Haslum, M. N., Barker, W. & Morris, A. C. (1982). Child Health and Education Study. First Report to the Department on Education and Science on the 10 Year Follow-up. Bristol: University Bristol.Google ScholarPubMed
Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B. & Claireaux, A. (1975). British Births 1970. vol. 1, pp. 18. The First Week of Life. London: William Heinemann Medical Books Ltd.Google Scholar
Cook, J., Altman, D. G., Moore, D. M. C., Topp, S. G., Holland, W. W. & Elliott, A. (1973). A survey of the nutritional status of schoolchildren. British Journal of Preventative and Social Medicine 27, 9199.Google ScholarPubMed
Crawley, H. (1988). Food Portion Sizes. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Department of Health (1989). The Diets of British Schoolchildren. Report on Healih and Social Subjects no. 36. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Department of Health (1991). Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom. Report on Health and Social Subjects no. 41. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Douglas, J. W. B. (1951). The health and survival of children in different social classes: The results of a national survey. Lancet ii, 440, 446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durnin, J. V. G. A., Lonergan, M. E., Good, J. & Ewan, A. (1974). A cross-sectional nutritional and anthropometric study, with an interval of 7 years, on 61 1 young adolescent schoolchildren. British Journal of Nutrition 32, 169179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Englyst, H. N., Bingham, S. A., Runswick, S. A., Collinson, E. & Cummings, J. A. (1988). Dietary fibre (non. starch polysaccharides) in fruit, vegetables and nuts. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 1, 247286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fehily, A. M. (1983). Epidemiology for Nutritionists 4. Survey methods. Human Nutrition: Applied Nutrition 37A, 419425.Google Scholar
Goldberg, G. R., Black, A. E., Jebb, S. E., Cole, T. J., Murgatroyd, P. R., Coward, W. A. & Prentice, A. M. (1991). Critical evaluation of energy intake data using fundamental principles of energy physiology. 1. Derivation of cut-off limits to identify under-recording. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 45, 569581.Google ScholarPubMed
Greenfield, H., Chuah, L. K. & Wills, R. B. H. (1981 a). Composition of Australian foods. 12. Hamburgers. Food Technology Australia 33, 619620.Google Scholar
Greenfield, H., Wimalasiri, P., Han, L. T. N., Balmer, N. & Wills, R. B. H. (1981 b). Composition of Australian foods. 6. Chinese foods. Food Technology Australia 33, 176181.Google Scholar
Gregory, J., Foster, K., Tyler, H. & Wiseman, M. (1990). The Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Hackett, A. F., Rugg-Gunn, A. J. & Appleton, D. R. (1983). Use of a dietary diary and interview to estimate the food intake of children. Human Nutrition: Applied Nutrition 37A, 293300.Google Scholar
Hackett, A. F., Rugg-Gunn, A. J., Appleton, D. R., Eastoe, J. E. & Jenkins, G. N. (1984). A two-year longitudinal nutritional survey of 405 Northumberland children initially aged 11.5 years. British Journal of Nutrition 51, 6774.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holland, B., Unwin, I. & Buss, D. H. (1988). Cereals and Cereal Products. Third Supplement to McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Holland, B., Unwin, I. & Buss, D. H. (1989). Milk, Milk products and Eggs. Fourth Supplement to McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Holland, B., Unwin, I. & Buss, D. H. (1991). Vegetables andherbs. Fifth Supplement to McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods. London: H.M. Stationery Office.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Livingstone, M. B. E., Davies, P. S. W., Prentice, A. M., Coward, W. A., Black, A. E., Strain, J. J. & McKenna, P. G. (1990). Comparison of simultaneous measures of energy intake and expenditure in children and adolescents. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 50, 15A.Google Scholar
McLaughlin, P. I. & Weihrauch, J. L. (1979). Vitamin E content of foods. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 75, 647665.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marr, J. W. (1971). Individual dietary surveys: purposes and methods. World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics 13, 105164.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (1989). Food Facts no. 10. London: Ministry of Agriculture. Fisheries and Food.Google Scholar
Nettleton, P. A. & Nelson, M. (1980). Dietary survey methods. 2. A comparison of nutrient intakes within families using household measures and the semi-weighed method of measuring food intake. Journal of Human Nutrition 34, 349354.Google Scholar
Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (1988). Regional Trends 1986. London: Office of Population Censuses and Surveys.Google Scholar
Osborn, A. F., Butler, N. R. & Morris, A. C. (1984). The Social Life of Britain's Five Year Olds. A report on the Child Health and Education Study. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Paul, A. A. & Southgate, D. A. T. (1978). McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods, 4th ed. London. H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Pixley, F. & Mann, J. (1988). Dietary factors in the aetiology of gall stones: A case control study. Gut 29, 15111515.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Royal College of Physicians (1987). A Great and Growing Evil; The Medical Consequences of Alcohol Abuse. London and New York: Tavistock.Google Scholar
Rugg-Gunn, A. J., Hackett, A. F., Appleton, D. R. & Moynihan, P. J. (1986). The dietary intake of added and natural sugars in 405 English adolescents. Human Nutririon: Applied Nutrition 40A, 115124.Google Scholar
Schofield, W. N., Schofield, C. & James, W. P. T. (1985). Basal metabolic rate. Human Nutrition: Clinical Nutrition 39C, Suppl. 1, 196.Google Scholar
Sivell, L. M., Bull, N. L., Buss, D. H., Wiggins, R. A., Scuffam, D. & Jackson, P. A. (1984). Vitamin A activity in foods of animal origin. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 35, 931939.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Southgate, D. A. T., Paul, A. A., Dean, A. C. & Christie, A. A. (1978). Free sugars in foods. Journal ofHunfan Nutrition 32, 335347.Google ScholarPubMed
SPSS Inc. (1990). SPSS-X Users' guide, 4th ed., Chicago: SPSS Inc.Google Scholar
Stockley, L. (1985). Changes in habitual food intake during weighed inventory surveys and duplication diet collections. A short review. Ecology of Food and Nutrition 17, 263269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tan, S. P., Wenlock, R. W. & Buss, D. H. (1985). Immigrant Foods. Second Supplement to McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Thorn, J., Robertson, J., Buss, D. H. & Bunton, N. G. (1978). Trace nutrients. Selenium in British foods. British Journal of Nutrition 39, 391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Townsend, J., Wilkes, H., Haines, A. & Jarvis, M. (1991). Adolescent smokers seen in general practice: health. lifestyle, physical measurements, and response to anti-smoking advice. British Medical Journal 303, 947950.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wenlock, R. W., Buss, D. H., Moxon, R. E. & Bunton, N. G. (1982). Trace nutrients. 4. Iodine in British foods. British Journal of Nutrition 47, 381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiles, S. J., Nettleton, P. A., Black, A. E. & Paul, A. A. (1980). The nutrient composition of some cooked dishes eaten in Britain: a supplementary food composition table. Journal of Human Nutrition 34, 189223.Google Scholar
Wills, R. B. H. & Greenfield, H. (1982). Composition of Australian foods. 17. Snack foods. Food Technology Australia 34, 452455.Google Scholar