Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-zzh7m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T07:01:28.581Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effects of dietary energy restriction on overloaded skeletal muscle in rats‡

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Khalid Almurshed  and
Katharine Grunewald
Khalid Almurshed
Affiliation:
Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-1407, USA
Katharine Grunewald*
Affiliation:
Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-1407, USA
*
*Corresponding author:Dr Katharine Grunewald, fax +1 785 532 3132, email grunew@humec.ksu.edu
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

We evaluated the effects of three levels of energy intake, 73 % (CON73), 81 % (CON81) and 100 % (CON100) of the ad libitum intake of the control diet, on skeletal muscle growth induced by functional overload in male rats. Unlike most previous studies which have employed chronic or acute food restriction where all nutrients are reduced in the diet, the present study tested the effects of energy deprivation as a single factor without inducing other nutritional deficiencies. Muscular growth of plantaris and soleus muscles was induced by removal of synergist gastrocnemius muscles in one hindlimb; muscles in the other leg were used as sham-operated intra-animal controls. After 30 d, rats on the energy-restricted CON73 and CON81 diets gained less weight and had smaller livers, kidneys, hearts and fat pads (epididymal, retroperitoneal and omental) than CON100 rats (P<0·05). They also had smaller sham-operated plantaris muscles (CON73 -13 %, CON81 -9 %) containing less total protein (CON73 -14 %; CON81 -10 %) than CON100 rats (P<0·05). However, the same measurements in overloaded plantaris muscles were similar among groups. Soleus muscle mass and protein contents were not significantly affected by energy restriction in our study. Percentage distributions of myosin heavy-chain isoforms (types I, IIa, IIx and IIb) were similar among rats in CON100, CON81 and CON73 groups for both plantaris and soleus muscles. We conclude that the growth reduction of plantaris muscle induced by energy restriction at 73 % and 81 % for 30 d was prevented by functional overload in male rats.

Keywords

Dietary energySkeletal muscleMuscular overload
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 84 , Issue 5 , November 2000 , pp. 697 - 704
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2000

Footnotes

‡

Presented in part at the 1997 17th Intern ational Congress of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in San Francisco, CA, USA, and published in abstract form (Almurshed & Grunewald, 1997).

References

Almurshed, K and Grunewald, K (1997) Energy restriction effects on surgically-induced muscular hypertrophy in rats. The FASEB Journal 11(A954 Abstr).Google Scholar
American Institute of Nutrition(1977) Report of the American Institute of Nutrition. ad hoc committee on standards for nutritional studies.Journal of Nutrition 107, 1340–1348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
American Institute of Nutrition(1980) Second report of the.ad hoc committee on standards for nutritional studies.Journal of Nutrition 110, 1726.Google Scholar
Antonio, J and Gonyea, WJ (1993) Progressive stretch overload of skeletal muscle results in hypertrophy before hyperplasia.Journal of Applied Physiology 75, 1263–1271.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ballor, DL, Katch, VL, Becque, MD and Marks, CR (1988) Resistance weight training during caloric restriction enhances lean body weight maintenance.American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 47, 19–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ballor, DL, Tommerup, LJ, Smith, DB and Thomas, DP (1990) Body composition, muscle and fat pad changes following two levels of dietary restriction and/or exercise training in male rats.International Journal of Obesity 14, 711–722.Google ScholarPubMed
Barclay, CJ and Loiselle, DS (1992) Dependence of muscle fatigue on stimulation protocol: effect of hypocaloric diet.Journal of Applied Physiology 72, 2278–2284.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bazzarre, TL, Kleiner, SM and Litchford, MD (1990) Nutrient intake, body fat, and lipid profiles of competitive male and female bodybuilders.Journal of the American College of Nutrition 9, 136–142.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bedi, KS, Birzgalis, AR, Mahon, M, Smart, JL and Wareham, AC (1982) Early life undernutrition in rats.British Journal of Nutrition 47, 417–430.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bryner, RW, Ullrich, IH, Sauers, J, Donley, D, Hornsby, G, Kolar, M and Yeater, R (1999) Effects of resistance vs. aerobic training combined with an 800 calorie liquid diet on lean body mass and resting metabolic rate.Journal of the American College of Nutrition 18, 115–121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caiozzo, VJ, Ma, E, McCue, SA, Smith, E, Herrick, RE and Baldwin, KM (1992) A new animal model for modulating myosin isoform expression by altered mechanical activity.Journal of Applied Physiology 73, 1432–1440.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crow, MT and Kushmerick, MJ (1982) Chemical energetics of slow- and fast-twitch muscles of the mouse.Journal of General Physiology 79, 147–166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Demirel, HA, Powers, SK, Naito, H, Hughes, M and Coombes, JS (1999) Exercise-induced alterations in skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain phenotype: dose-response relationship.Journal of Applied Physiology 86, 1002–1008.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duncombe, WG (1964) The colorimetric micro-determination of non-esterified fatty acids.Clinica Chimica Acta 9, 122–125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
El Haj, AJ, Lewis, SEM, Goldspink, DF, Merry, BJ and Holeham, AM (1986) The effect of chronic and acute dietary restriction on the growth and protein turnover of fast and slow types of rat skeletal muscle.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 85A, 281–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garner, RP, Terracio, L, Borg, TK and Buggy, J (1991) Intracranial self-stimulation motivates weight-lifting exercise in rats.Journal of Applied Physiology 71, 1627–1631.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glore, SR and Layman, DK (1983) Cellular growth of skeletal muscle in weanling rats during dietary restrictions.Growth 47, 403–410.Google ScholarPubMed
Goldspink, DF (1978) The effects of food deprivation on protein turnover and nucleic acid concentrations of active and immobilized extensor digitorum longus muscles of the rat.Biochemistry Journal 176, 603–606.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldspink, G (1964) The combined effects of exercise and reduced food intake on skeletal muscle fibers.Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 63, 209–216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldspink, G and DFGoldspink (1980) Growth of muscle Development and Specialization of Skeletal Muscle pp. 19–35.[Goldspink, DF,editors].New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gollnick, PD, Parsons, D, Riedy, M and Moore, RL (1983) Fiber number and size in overloaded chicken anterior latissimus dorsi muscle.Journal of Applied Physiology 54, 1292–1297.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodman, MN, McElaney MA and Ruderman, NB (1981) Adaptation to prolonged starvation in the rat: curtailment of skeletal muscle proteolysis.American Journal of Physiology 241, E321–E327.Google ScholarPubMed
Grunewald, KK and Bailey, RS (1993) Commercially marketed supplements for bodybuilding athletes.Sports Medicine 15, 90–103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hansen-Smith, FM, Van Horn, DL and Maksud, MG (1978) Cellular response of rat quadriceps muscle to chronic dietary restrictions.Journal of Nutrition 108, 248–255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hegarty, PVJ and Kim, KO (1980) Changes in skeletal muscle cellularity in starved and refed young rats.British Journal of Nutrition 44, 123–127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hegarty, PVJ and Kim, KO (1981) Effect of starvation on tissues from the young of four species, with emphasis on the number and diameter of skeletal muscle fibers.Pediatric Research 15, 128–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henriksson, J (1990) The possible role of skeletal muscle in the adaptation to periods of energy deficiency.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 44, 55–64.Google ScholarPubMed
Hill, DE, Holt, AB, Parra, A and Cheek, DB (1970) The influence of protein-calorie versus calorie restriction on the body composition and cellular growth of muscle and liver in weanling rats.John Hopkins Medical Journal 127, 146–163.Google ScholarPubMed
Howarth, RE and Baldwin, RL (1971) Synthesis and accumulation of protein and nucleic acid in rat gastrocnemius muscle during normal growth, restricted growth, and recovery from restricted growth.Journal of Nutrition 101, 477–484.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ianuzzo, CD, Hamilton, N and Li, B (1991) Competitive control of myosin expression: hypertrophy vs. hyperthyroidism.Journal of Applied Physiology 70, 2328–2330.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kleiner, SM, Bazzarre, TL and Litchford, MD (1990) Metabolic profiles, diet and health practices of championship male and female body-builders.Journal of the American Dietetic Association 90, 962–967.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lanz, JK, Donahoe, M, Rogers, RM and Ontell, M (1992) Effects of growth hormone on diaphragmatic recovery from malnutrition.Journal of Applied Physiology 73, 801–805.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laurell, S and Tibbling, G (1966) An enzymatic fluorometric micromethod for the determination of glycerol.Clinica Chimica Acta 13, 317–322.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Layman, DK, Hegarty, PVJ and Swan, PB (1980) Comparison of morphological and biochemical parameters of growth in rat skeletal muscles.Journal of Anatomy 130, 159–171.Google ScholarPubMed
Layman, DK, Merdian-Bender, M, Hegarty, PVJ and Swan, PB (1981) Changes in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in rat cardiac and skeletal muscles after total or partial dietary restrictions.Journal of Nutrition 111, 994–1000.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewis, MI and Sieck, GC (1992) Effect of acute nutritional deprivation on diaphragm structure and function in adolescent rats.Journal of Applied Physiology 73, 974–978.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewis, MI, Sieck, GC and Fournier, M (1986) Effect of nutritional deprivation on diaphragm contractility and muscle fiber size.Journal of Applied Physiology 60, 596–603.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, JB and Goldberg, AL (1976) Effects of food deprivation on protein synthesis and degradation in rat skeletal muscles.American Journal of Physiology 231, 441–448.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mosoni, L, Malmezat, T, Valluy, M-C, Houlier, M-L and Mirand, PP (1996) Muscle and liver protein synthesis adapt efficiently to food deprivation and refeeding in 12-month-old rats.Journal of Nutrition 126, 516–522.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Research Council(1985) In Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Publication no. 85–23. Bethesda MD: National Institutes of Health.Google Scholar
Nishio, ML and Jeejeebhoy, KN (1991) Skeletal muscle relaxation rate after fasting or hypocaloric feeding.Journal of Applied Physiology 71, 204–209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Noble, EG, Tang, Q and Taylor, PB (1984) Protein synthesis in compensatory hypertrophy of rat plantaris.Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 62, 1178–1182.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Noma, A, Okabe, H and Kita, M (1973) A new colorimetric micro-determination of free fatty acids in serum.Clinica Chimica Acta 43, 317–320.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ocken, DA and Grunewald, KK (1988) The effects of exercise on catch-up growth of rats recovering from early undernutrition.Journal of Nutrition 118, 1410–1416.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oishi, Y (1993) Relationship between myosin heavy chain IId isoform and fiber types in soleus muscle of the rat after hindlimb suspension.European Journal of Applied Physiology 66, 451–454.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pette, D and Staron, RS (1990) Cellular and molecular diversities of mammalian skeletal muscle fibers.Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology 116, 1–76.Google ScholarPubMed
Sakamoto, K and Grunewald, KK (1987) Beneficial effects of exercise on growth of rats during intermittent fasting.Journal of Nutrition 117, 390–395.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Staron, RS (1991) Correlation between myofibrillar ATPase activity and myosin heavy chain composition in single human muscle fibers.Histochemistry 96, 21–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sugiura, T, Miyata, H, Kawai, Y, Matoba, H and Murakami, N (1993) Changes in myosin heavy chain isoform expression of overloaded rat skeletal muscles.International Journal of Biochemistry 25, 1609–1613.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sullivan, VK, Powers, SK, Criswell, DS, Tumer, N, Larochelle, JS and Lowenthal, D (1995) Myosin heavy chain composition in young and old rat skeletal muscle: effects of endurance exercise.Journal of Applied Physiology 78, 2115–2120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Talmadge, RJ and Roy, RR (1993) Electrophoretic separation of rat skeletal muscle myosin heavy-chain isoforms.Journal of Applied Physiology 73, 2337–2340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tamaki, T, Uchiyama, S and Nakano, S (1992) A weight-lifting exercise model for inducing hypertrophy in the hindlimb muscles of rats.Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 24, 881–886.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tsika, RW, Herrick, RE and Baldwin, KM (1987) Interaction of compensatory overload and hindlimb suspension on myosin isoform expression.Journal of Applied Physiology 62, 2180–2186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Watt, PW, Kelly, FJ, Goldspink, DF and Goldspink, G (1982) Exercise-induced morphological and biochemical changes in skeletal muscles of the rat.Journal of Applied Physiology 53, 1144–1151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yarasheski, KE, Lemon, PWR and Gilloteaux, J (1990) Effect of heavy-resistance exercise training on muscle fiber composition in young rats.Journal of Applied Physiology 69, 434–437.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Young, VR and (1970) The role of skeletal and cardiac muscle in the regulation of protein metabolism Mammalian Protein Metabolism vol.4,pp. 585–728.[Munro, HN, editor].CrossRefGoogle Scholar