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Association of meal-specific protein intake and cardiometabolic risk factors: a cross-sectional study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2023

Mahsa Firouzi ,
Bahareh Jabbarzadeh ,
Amin Mirrafiei Open the ORCID record for Amin Mirrafiei [Opens in a new window] ,
Sara Sadeghi ,
Kurosh Djafarian  and
Sakineh Shab-Bidar Open the ORCID record for Sakineh Shab-Bidar [Opens in a new window]
Mahsa Firouzi
Affiliation:
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
Bahareh Jabbarzadeh
Affiliation:
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
Amin Mirrafiei
Affiliation:
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
Sara Sadeghi
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
Kurosh Djafarian
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
Sakineh Shab-Bidar*
Affiliation:
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
*
*Corresponding author: Sakineh Shab-Bidar, email: s_shabbidar@tums.ac.ir
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Abstract

We aimed to investigate the association of main meals’ specific protein intake with cardiometabolic risk factors, including general and abdominal obesity, serum lipid profile, and blood pressure (BP). This cross-sectional study was conducted on 850 subjects aged 20–59 years. Dietary intakes were assessed by completing three 24-h recalls, and the protein intake of each meal was extracted. Anthropometric measures, lipid profile, fasting blood sugar and BP were measured. Multivariate logistic regression controlling for age, physical activity, sex, marital status, smoking status, BMI and energy intake was applied to obtain OR and CI. The mean age was 42 years, and the mean BMI of the participants was 27·2. The mean protein intake for breakfast, lunch and dinner was 12·5, 22·2 and 18·7 g/d, respectively. After adjustment for confounders, higher protein intake was not associated with any of the cardiometabolic risk factors, including LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol (TC), TAG, body weight, BP and fasting plasma glucose, in any of the three main meals consumed within a day. Adherence to a higher protein intake at each meal was not associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in Iranian adults. Further prospective studies are needed to justify our findings.

Keywords

ProteinMealCardiometabolism risk factorsMacronutrients
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 130 , Issue 12 , 28 December 2023 , pp. 2053 - 2060
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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