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The association of diet-dependent acid load with colorectal cancer risk: a case–control study in Korea

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 August 2023

Tao Thi Tran ,
Madhawa Gunathilake ,
Jeonghee Lee ,
Jae Hwan Oh ,
Hee Jin Chang ,
Dae Kyung Sohn ,
Aesun Shin  and
Jeongseon Kim Open the ORCID record for Jeongseon Kim [Opens in a new window]
Tao Thi Tran
Affiliation:
Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
Madhawa Gunathilake
Affiliation:
Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, South Korea
Jeonghee Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, South Korea
Jae Hwan Oh
Affiliation:
Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
Hee Jin Chang
Affiliation:
Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
Dae Kyung Sohn
Affiliation:
Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
Aesun Shin
Affiliation:
Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea
Jeongseon Kim*
Affiliation:
Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, South Korea
*
*Corresponding author: Jeongseon Kim, email jskim@ncc.re.kr
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Abstract

Acid–base disequilibrium is a contributor to cancer development because it affects molecular activities such as insulin-like growth factor 1 levels and adiponectin production. However, evidence of an association of diet-induced acid–base imbalance with colorectal cancer (CRC) is limited. We examined whether colorectal carcinogenesis is attributable to a diet with a high acid load. We recruited a total of 923 CRC cases and 1846 controls at the National Cancer Center in Korea for inclusion in a case–control study. We collected information on nutrient intake and specific clinical parameters of CRC by using a semiquantitative FFQ and medical records, respectively. Potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) were used to estimate diet-dependent acid load. We used an unconditional logistic regression model to analyse the association. Dietary acid load scores had a positive association with the odds of CRC (OR = 2·31 (95 % CI 1·79, 2·99) and OR = 2·14 (95 % CI 1·66, 2·76) for PRAL and NEAP, respectively, Pfor trend < 0·001). A stronger positive association was observed for females (OR = 3·09, 95 % CI 1·93, 4·94) than for males (OR = 1·71, 95 % CI 1·27, 2·31). Furthermore, acidogenic diets appeared to affect rectal cancer more strongly than colon cancer in females. Our study contributes to reinforcing epidemiological evidence regarding a detrimental effect of acidogenic diets on colorectal carcinogenesis. Thus, it is important to pay attention to the balance of acidogenic (e.g. poultry and red meat) and alkalinogenic foods (e.g. fruits and vegetables) in CRC prevention, especially for females.

Keywords

Diet-dependent acid loadColorectal cancerCase–control studyKorea
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 131 , Issue 2 , 28 January 2024 , pp. 333 - 342
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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