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Association of dietary inflammatory index with risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 July 2023

Li Hong Open the ORCID record for Li Hong [Opens in a new window] ,
Liyuan Zhu ,
Jinru Zhang ,
Yueqi Fu ,
Xiaoyan Qi  and
Mei Zhao
Li Hong
Affiliation:
School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
Liyuan Zhu
Affiliation:
Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
Jinru Zhang
Affiliation:
School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
Yueqi Fu
Affiliation:
School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
Xiaoyan Qi
Affiliation:
School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
Mei Zhao*
Affiliation:
School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
*
*Corresponding author: Mei Zhao, email zhaomei@ahmu.edu.cn
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Abstract

Findings from observational studies have suggested a possible association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia (PE). However, the results of these studies were inconclusive. A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out to illuminate this association. Systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Scopus and other databases from inception until January 2023. The qualities of included studies were assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Nine studies (seven cohort, two case–control) were included in the meta-analysis, including 11 423 participants from five different countries. The meta-analysis indicated that a 1-unit increase in the DII score, representing pro-inflammatory diet, was associated with 13 % higher risk of GDM (OR = 1·13; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·25, I2 = 68·4 %, P = 0·004) and 24 % higher risk of PE (OR = 1·24; 95 % CI 1·14, 1·35, I2 = 52·0 %, P = 0·125). Subgroup analysis found that this association was evident among studies with Chinese populations (OR = 1·16; 95 % CI 1·06, 1·28) and studies with mid pregnancy (OR = 1·20; 95 % CI 1·07, 1·34). The findings indicate that pro-inflammatory diet can increase the risk of GDM and PE. Considering some limitations in this study, more studies are needed to verify this association.

Keywords

InflammationDietary inflammatory indexGestational diabetes mellitusPreeclampsiaMeta-analysis
Type
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 131 , Issue 1 , 14 January 2024 , pp. 54 - 62
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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Footnotes

†

These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.

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