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A Second Moses in Bonnet and Shawl:1 Caroline Chisholm, 1808–1877
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 September 2015
Extract
Caroline Chisholm was a Victorian philanthropist designated by the Australian Encyclopaedia as ‘the greatest of women pioneers in the history of Australia’. She was born in Northampton in 1808, the daughter of William Jones, hog-jobber of some substance. She married Archibald Chisholm in 1830, a lieutenant in the East India Company Army, ten years her senior, on the understanding that she be allowed to undertake philanthropic works. It is assumed she converted to her husband's Roman Catholic faith either just before or after the marriage. It was in Madras, where her husband was based, that her philanthropic endeavours began and she founded a ‘school of industry for the daughters of European soldiers’. The school educated the sadly-neglected girls in general education and domestic duties.
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Footnotes
1
‘A Carol on Caroline Chisholm’, Punch, August 1853. Authorship unknown.
References
Notes
2 Kiddle, Margaret, Caroline Chisholm, (Melbourne, 1950), pp. 51–53.Google Scholar
3 Sydney Morning Herald, 18th October 1860
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6 Mackenzie, Eneas, The Emigrant's Guide to Australia with a Memoir of Mrs. Chisholm, (Webb, Millington Co., 1852) p. 4.Google Scholar
7 Rev. James G. Murtagh, Caroline Chisholm—Who Was She—Was She a Saint?, a pamphlet based on five radio talks later serialised in The Advocate, September 22-October 20 1966, p. 9.
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9 Hoban, Mary, Caroline Chisholm—A Biography—Fifty-one Pieces of Wedding Cake, (Melbourne, 1984).Google Scholar
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28 Emigrant's Guide to Australia, published in London, 1853.
29 Johnson, Edgar, The Heart of Charles Dickens, (London 1952).Google Scholar Charles Dickens to Miss Coutts, 4th March 1850.
30 Kiddle, op. cit. (1990 ed.) pp. 131–4. For fuller debate of the subject, see Kiddle, ‘Caroline Chisholm and Charles Dickens’ in Australian and New Zealand Historical Studies, 3, 1945–49, 10, pp. 77–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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33 See also Household Words: ‘Pictures of Life in Australia’, 1, 22 June 1850, p. 307; ‘Chips—Family Colonisation Loan Society’, 1, 24 Aug 1850, p. 514; ‘Chips—Safety for Female Emigrants’, 3, 31 May 1851, p. 228; ‘A Rainy Day on “The Euphrates”’, 4, 24 Jan 1852, p. 96; ‘Better Ties Than Red Tape Ties’, 4, 28 Feb 1852, p. 101; ‘The Iron Seamstress’, 8, 11 Feb 1854, p. 575.
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36 Emigration and Transportation Relatively Considered. In a Letter, dedicated, by Permission, to Earl Grey. By Mrs. Chisholm, (John Ollivier, 1847), p. 3.Google Scholar
37 Family Colonisation Loan Society, by the Grant of Loans for Two Years without Interest; or: A System of Emigration to the Colonies of N.S. W., Port Phillip, and South Australia; in a Letter Dedicated by Permissionto Lord Ashley, M.P. by Mrs. Chisholm, (August 1849).
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41 Report, Distressed Labourers, Votes and Proceedings, Legislative Council, N.S.W. (1843), p. 729.Google Scholar See Kiddle, op. cit. (1950) p. 49.
42 Captain Robert Towns was a wealthy landowner interested in immigration. He was later a pioneer in the South Sea trade, and the first to introduce cotton growing in Queensland; Townsville is named after him. Kiddle (1950), op. cit., p. 49.
43 Report, Distressed Labourers, V&P. Leg. Council, NSW, 1844, 2, pp. 601–604. Kiddle, (1950), op. cit., p. 52.
44 Eleanor Dark, op. cit., p. 75.
45 Chisholm, Caroline, Female Immigration, op. cit. p. 39.Google Scholar
46 Ibidem, p. 103.
47 Ibidem, p. 106.
48 Ibidem, p. 107.
49 Murtach, op. cit., p. 15.
50 Connole, Patrick, ‘Caroline Chisholm: The Irish Chapter’ in Kiernan, Colm, ed. Australia and Ireland 1788–1988—Bicentenary Essays, (1986), pp. 241–251.Google Scholar
51 ‘Caroline Chisholm and Jewish Immigration’, Australian Jewish Historical Society, 2., 1944, pp. 67–77.Google Scholar
52 Ibidem, p. 73.