Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c47g7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T05:24:43.453Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Usurpers Constantine III (407–411) and Jovinus (411–413)*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 November 2011

J. F. Drinkwater
Affiliation:
Department of Classics, University of Nottingham

Extract

A firm grasp of the episodes of Constantine III and Jovinus is essential for any understanding of the end of Roman Britain, and the decline of the Roman Empire in the West. The importance of these usurpers, in particular Constantine, has been reflected in a number of studies. Probably the most influential have been those by Stevens and Demougeot, the former for its demonstration of the need to set Constantine III firmly in an imperial context, the latter because of its scrupulous collection and analysis of the source material. Yet both are part of a lively tradition. Stevens was able to draw on the work of Seeck, and attracted criticism from Thompson; and Demougeot's study has been taken up and developed by, for example, Paschoud and Cesa.

Type
Articles
Information
Britannia , Volume 29 , November 1998 , pp. 269 - 298
Copyright
Copyright © J. F. Drinkwater 1998. Exclusive Licence to Publish: The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anton, H.H. 1981: ‘Burgunden II. Historisches’, Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde Bd. 4 (2nd edn), Berlin/New York, 235–48Google Scholar
Anton, H.H. 1984: ‘Trier im Übergang von der römischen bis zur frankischen Herrschaft’, Francia 12, 152Google Scholar
Bagnall, R., Cameron, A., Schwartz, S.R., and Worp, K.A. 1987: Consuls of the Later Roman Empire, Atlanta GAGoogle Scholar
Bastien, P. 1987: Le monnayage de l'atelier de Lyon au règne de Jovien à la mort de Jovin (363–413), WetterenGoogle Scholar
Burns, T.S. 1994: Barbarians within the Gates of Rome, Bloomington IAGoogle Scholar
Bury, J.B. 1923: History of the Later Roman Empire vol. 1, LondonGoogle Scholar
Cesa, M. 1993: ‘Römisches Heer und barbarische Föderaten: Bemerkungen zur weströmische Politik in den Jahren 402–412’, in Vallet, F. and Kazanski, M. (eds), L'armée romaine et les barbares du IIIe au VIIe siècle, Rouen, 21–9Google Scholar
Cesa, M. 1994: Impero tardoantico e barbari: la crisi militare da Adrianopoli al 418, ComoGoogle Scholar
Chastagnol, A. 1973: ‘Le repli sur Arles des services administratifs gaulois en l'an 407 de notre ère’, Revue historique 505, 2340Google Scholar
Chrysos, E. 1991: ‘Die Römerherrschaft in Britannien und ihr Ende’, Bonner Jahrbücher 191, 247–76Google Scholar
Dark, K.R. 1994: Civitas to Kingdom. British Political Continuity 300–800, LeicesterGoogle Scholar
Demandt, A. 1970: ‘Magister militum’, RE Supp. XII, 553790Google Scholar
Demougeot, E. 1974: ‘Constantin III, empereur d'Aries’, in Etudes médiévales languedociennes (Hommages à A. Dupont), 83125, Montpellier (repr. in Christol, M. and Gayraud, M. (eds), L'empire romain et les barbares d'Occident, Paris, 1988, 171–213)Google Scholar
Demougeot, E. 1979: La formation de l'Europe et les invasions barbares vol. 2.2, ParisGoogle Scholar
Drinkwater, J.F. 1975: ‘Lyon: “natural capital” of Gaul?’, Britannia 6, 133–40CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drinkwater, J.F. 1983: Roman Gaul, LondonGoogle Scholar
Drinkwater, J.F. 1989a: ‘Patronage in Roman Gaul’, in Wallace-Hadrill, A. (ed.), Patronage in Ancient Society, London, 189203Google Scholar
Drinkwater, J.F. 1989b: ‘Gallic attitudes to the Roman Empire in the fourth century: continuity or change?’, in Herzig, H.E. and Frei-Stolba, R. (eds), Labor Omnibus Unus. Gerold Walser zum 70. Geburtstag, Historia Einzelschriften 60, Stuttgart, 136–53Google Scholar
Drinkwater, J.F. 1991: review of Matthews, J.F., The Roman Empire of Ammianus, in Classical Review 41.1, 84–5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drinkwater, J.F. 1992: ‘The Bacaudae of fifth-century Gaul’, in Drinkwater, J.F. and Elton, H. (eds), Fifth-Century Gaul: a Crisis of Identity?, Cambridge, 208–18Google Scholar
Drinkwater, J.F. 1996: ‘“The German threat on the Rhine frontier”: a Romano-Gallic artefact?’, in Mathisen, R.W. and Sivan, H. (eds), Shifting Frontiers in Late Antiquity, Aldershot, 2030Google Scholar
Ehling, K. 1997: ‘Zur Geschichte Constantins III’, Francia 23, 111Google Scholar
Elton, H. 1992: ‘Defence in fifth-century Gaul’, in Drinkwater, J.F. and Elton, H. (eds), Fifth-Century Gaul: a Crisis of Identity?, Cambridge, 167–76Google Scholar
Esmonde, Cleary A.S. 1989: The Ending of Roman Britain, LondonGoogle Scholar
Freeman, E.A. 1904: Western Europe in the Fifth Century, LondonGoogle Scholar
Gibbon, E. 1901: History of the Decline and Fall ofthe Roman Empire vol. III (ed. Bury, J.B.), LondonGoogle Scholar
Goffart, W. 1980: Barbarians and Romans a.d. 418–584. Techniques of Accommodation, Princeton NJGoogle Scholar
Harries, J. 1994: Sidonius Apollinaris and the Fall of Rome, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Heather, P. 1991: Goths and Romans 332–489, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Heinen, H. 1985: Trier und das Trevererland in römischer Zeit, TrierGoogle Scholar
Heinen, H. 1989: ‘Der römische Westen und die Prätorianerpräfektur Gallien’, in Herzig, H. and Frei-Stolba, R. (eds), Labor Omnibus Unus. Gerold Walser zum 70. Geburtstag, Historia Einzelschriften 60, Stuttgart, 186205Google Scholar
Heinzelmann, M. 1982: ‘Gallische Prosopographie 260–527’, Francia 10, 531718Google Scholar
Hoffmann, D. 1973: ‘Die Gallienarmee und der Grenzschutz am Rhein in der Spätantike’, Nassausische Annalen 84, 118Google Scholar
Hoffmann, D. 1995: ‘Edowech und Decimius Rusticus’, in Arculiana. Festschrift zum 65. Geburtstag von Hans Bögli, Avenches, 559–68Google Scholar
Jones, A.H.M. 1964: The Later Roman Empire, 284–602, OxfordGoogle Scholar
King, C.E. 1987: ‘Fifth-century silver coinage in the western Empire: the usurpations in Spain and Gaul’, in Huvelin, H., Christol, M. and Gautier, G. (eds), Mélanges de numismatique offerts à Pierre Bastien, Wetteren, 285–95Google Scholar
Kulikowski, M.E. 1996: ‘Two councils of Turin’, Journal of Theological Studies 47.1, 157–68Google Scholar
Liebenam, W. 1909: Fasti consulares imperii Romani, BonnCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liebeschuetz, J.H.W.G. 1990: Barbarians and Bishops, OxfordCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathisen, R.W. 1989: Ecclesiastical Factionalism and Controversy in Fifth-Century Gaul, Washington DCGoogle Scholar
Mathisen, R.W. 1993: Roman Aristocrats in Barbarian Gaul, Austin TXGoogle Scholar
Matthews, J.F. 1971: ‘Gallic supporters of Theodosius’, Latomus 5.30, 1073–99Google Scholar
Matthews, J.F. 1975: Western Aristocracies and Imperial Court, a.d. 364–425, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Mazzarino, S. 1942: Stilicone. La crisi imperiale dopo Teodosio, RomeGoogle Scholar
Oost, S.I. 1966: ‘The revolt of Heraclian’, Classical Philology 61, 236–42CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oost, S.I. 1968: Galla Placidia Augusta, Chicago ILGoogle Scholar
Palanque, J.-R. 1934: ‘La date du transfert de la préfecture des Gaules de Trèves à Aries’, Revue des études anciennes 36, 359–65CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palanque, J.-R. 1973: ‘Du nouveau sur la date du transfert de la préfecture des Gaules de Trêves à Aries?’, Provence antique 23.93–4, 2938Google Scholar
Paschoud, F. 1986: Zosime Histoire Nouvelle livre v (edn tome, Budé III.1), ParisGoogle Scholar
Paschoud, F. 1989: Zosime Histoire Nouvelle livre vi (edn tome, Budé III.2), ParisGoogle Scholar
Rivet, A.L.F. 1988: Gallia Narbonensis, LondonGoogle Scholar
Salway, P. 1981: Roman Britain, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Scharf, R. 1990: ‘Die Kanzleireform des Stilicho und das römische Britannien’, Historia 39, 461–74Google Scholar
Scharf, R. 1992: ‘Der spanische Kaiser Maximus und die Ansiedlung der Westgoten in Aquitanien’, Historia, 41 1992, 374–84Google Scholar
Scharf, R. 1993: ‘Jovinus-Kaiser in Gallien’, Francia 20, 113Google Scholar
Seeck, O. 1900: ‘Constantin III’, RE IV.7, 1028–31Google Scholar
Seeck, O. 1921: Geschichte des Untergangs der antiken Welt Bd. 5 (2nd edn), StuttgartGoogle Scholar
Stein, E., and Palanque, J.-R. 1959: Histoire du Bas-Empire vol. 1 (2nd edn), ParisGoogle Scholar
Stevens, C.E. 1957: ‘Marcus, Gratian, Constantine’, Athenaeum 35, 316–47Google Scholar
Stroheker, K.F. 1948: Das senatorische Adel im spätantiken Gallien (repr. 1970), TübingenGoogle Scholar
Sundwall, J. 1915: Weströmische Studien, BerlinGoogle Scholar
Thompson, E.A. 1977: ‘Britain, a.d. 406–410’, Britannia 8, 303–18CrossRefGoogle Scholar
von Petrikovits, H. 1980: Die Rheinlände in römischer Zeit, CologneGoogle Scholar
Whittaker, C.R. 1994: Frontiers of the Roman Empire, Baltimore MAGoogle Scholar
Wiedemann, T.E.J. 1994: ‘Emperors, usurpers and bandits. The power of the centre and the power of the provinces in the politics of the Principate’, in Forresti, L.A., Barzanò, A., Prandi, L. and Zecchini, G. (eds), Federazioni e federalismo nell' Europa antica, Milan, 425–34Google Scholar
Williams, S., and Friell, G. 1994: Theodosius. The Empire at Bay, LondonGoogle Scholar
Wolfram, H. 1988: History of the Goths (trans. Dunlap, E.), Berkeley LAGoogle Scholar
Zöllner, E. 1970: Geschichte der Franken, MunichGoogle Scholar