² Found by Mr. Robert Downey while watching contractors' work on the site of the projected offices of Christian Brann Ltd. and removed to the Corinium Museum, Cirencester. For a fuller discussion of the find see Antiq. Journ. liii (1973), 213–14, No. 6.Google Scholar

³ All lines appear to have been of an equal length which can itself be calculated from 1. 3. There is no obvious restoration for the beginning of 1. 2. There are several possible restorations for the wife's name in 1. 5.

⁴ Found by members of the Norfolk Archaeological Unit and presented by the owner of the site. Mr. David Traherne, to Norwich Castle Museum. Information from Mr. C. J. Green who kindly brought the find to London for inspection. For the site see p. 438.

⁵ The altar and details were made available by Mr. P. R. Scott, who excavated with grants from Durham University Excavation Committee and Darlington Borough Council. Durham University Gazette xxi (December 1973), 11. For the site see p. 413Google Scholar.

⁶ Found with Nos. 5 and 6 (below); information from Mr. R. Miket. Presented to the Newcastle Museum of Antiquities by Major and Mrs. F. H. Blackett. The stones were found in removing a tree beside the east pillar of the modern gateway leading south to Halton Castle. Drawn by R.P.W.

⁷ One slab was reported to have been found face downwards, as if reused. Unless it had been transferred a tombstone would have been out of place inside a fort. Dr. J. P. Wild interpreted the clothing.

⁸ Found in the work of consolidation by the Department of the Environment. Mr. C. Anderson sent details and a photograph; drawn by R.P.W.

⁹ Mr. R. E. Birley made it available.

¹⁰ The rank of tribunus indicates a milliary cohort, presumably at Birdoswald in the Scaleby Castle area. As earlier accounts do not include it. it was found probably between Horsley's last visit and Gilpin's sale of the Castle in 1741.

¹¹ When Collingwood, R. G. in Cumb. and Westm. ² xxviii (1928), 129Google Scholar, described the Roman inscriptions (RIB 1872, 1980, 2025) which had been rediscovered in 1923 and 1926 in and near Busbridge Hall. Godalming, he listed a few items still undiscovered from the Roman antiquities which William and Richard Gilpin had assembled by 1741 at Scaleby Castle, five miles north-east of Carlisle. The transfer of the group to the south was made probably for the antiquary Philip Carteret Webb, who bought Busbridge Hall in 1748 and developed its grounds in romantic style.

The Godalming Angling Society in clearing silt in 1973 laid bare five altars, including three on Collingwood's list, grouped in an arc at the north-east margin of the Lower Lake at Busbridge Hall (from left to right RIB 1992, the uninscribed altar, 1977, the Neptune altar, 1994). The Reverend Mother General of the Franciscan Missionaries of the Divine Motherhood, Ladywell Convent, Godalming, has graciously allowed four of them to be transferred and placed on permanent loan in Carlisle Museum. Thanks are due to Miss Clare Smith and Mr. and Mrs. D. G. Bird for their special help in examining the altars and negotiating the transfer.

To complete the record one must include the buff sandstone altar, 0·61 by 1·07 by 0·39 m, with elaborate decoration. No trace of incised lettering survives, but it may once have carried a painted text. On the face of the capital are four roundels and two objects like cups. On the left side of the die a tall one-handled jug, and on the right side a two-handled cup on a tripod. Drawn in, or before 1726 at Scaleby Castle by A. Gordon. It. Sept. 95, pl. XLII. figs. I-III.

¹² For arulam donare see CIL xiii 569. Although this interpretation is unusual it seems preferable to the assumption that a third-century dedicator of a small altar had three names. Professor S. S. Frere and Dr. J. C. Mann helped with this solution.

¹³ As the die had been lost it did not seem worth including this altar in the transfer to Carlisle.

¹⁴ Detected by Mr. R. Hogg in rearranging some early acquisitions of querns in Carlisle Museum. I is origin is uncertain as it lacks an accession number. As the text implies a legion it seems to belong to the area of Carlisle, and might have been found in 1892 when Tullie House was built.

¹⁵ The symbol here printed as S has been cut in three straight strokes and seems to be a centural sign.

¹⁶ Mr. J. T. Broadbent, Mr. P. V. Webster and Mr. M. H. Brown for the Melandra Field Group sent details, rubbings and squeezes. For a more worn but complete example found in 1907 on the Roman site of Manchester see Bruton, Roman Manchester 29,90, pl. 9,2; EE ix 1277. R.P.W.

¹⁷ Mr. Thornborrow, J. W. submitted it. For a comparable incised text see JRS lix (1969), 244Google Scholar, No. 61 (Lancaster). A small projection at the left end, 4 mm high, may perhaps mark the back of the chair on which the deity had been sitting.

¹⁸ Excavations for the Chelmsford Excavation Committee and the Department of the Environment were directed by Mr. Drury, P. J.. For the site see Britannia iv (1973), 302Google Scholar, Chelmsford site (iv). Information and rubbing sent by Mr. W. J. Rodwell.

¹⁹ If the text is complete at the beginning, the name SAMMICO provides a possible parallel (JRS xli (1951). 143, No. 14).Google Scholar

²⁰ Excavations directed by the late Major J. G. S. Brinson. For the site see JRS xxxix (1949). 105Google Scholar. Information and rubbing sent by Mr. W. J. Rodwell. The sherd will be deposited in the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Cambridge.

²¹ Mr. D. S. Nealsent it to R.P.W. For other texts from this site see Britannia ii (1971), 296. Nos. 45-7.Google Scholar

²² Sent by Mr. D. S. Neal to R.P.W. For the site see p. 438.

²³ Excavations for the East Hertfordshire Excavation Group conducted by Mr. C. Partridge who submitted this and the following two items for inspection. For the site see Britannia iv (1973), 299 (ii(a))Google Scholar.

²⁴ Orcus is rarely attested in inscriptions except those in verse, for which see Buecheler, Carmina Epigraphica, Index ii.

²⁵ Excavation for Eccles Excavation Committee directed by Mr. A. P. Detsicas, who sent a rubbing. For the 1973 excavations see p. 459.

²⁶ Found by Mr. A. P. Ross. Now in Lancaster Museum. Mr. A. J. White sent details and a drawing.

²⁷ Professor G. D. B. Jones directed the excavation for the Department of the Environment. Dr. D. C. A. Shotter sent details with squeezes, rubbings and drawings for all these items from Lancaster. For the site see p. 418.

²⁸ CIL vii 1233, EE vii 1128, Watkin, Lanes 176. See also RIB 605 (Lancaster).

²⁹ Excavations for the Lincoln Archaeological Trust directed by Miss C. Colyer who made this and the following two items available for inspection. For the site see Britannia iv (1973), 286.Google Scholar

³⁰ The final and first two letters are extremely uncertain. If the last five letters represent the nomen VITRASIVS rather than the rarely attested cognomen VITRASIANVS (one example only cited by 1. Kajanto, The Latin Cognomina) the first four letters will be part of a praenomen, perhaps GAIVS rather than a nomen ending in IVS.

³¹ If, as seems probable, this represents the owner's name Maxi]minu(s) would be the most likely of several possible restorations.

³² Excavations carried out jointly by personnel employed by the Lincoln Archaeological Trust and the Department of the Environment working under the direction of Miss C. Colyer and Mr. John Wacher respectively. The plaster was made available for inspection by Miss Jenny Mann, Finds Research Assistant for the Trust. For the site see J. B. Whitwell, Roman Lincolnshire (1970), 82, 83.

³³ Excavations directed for the Department of Urban Archaeology, Guildhall Museum, by Mr. T. W. T. Tatton-Brown who submitted this and the following two items. For the site see p. 446 and Trans. London Middlesex Archaeol. Soc. xxv (1974)Google Scholar, forthcoming.

³⁴ The final letter might be c or an s followed by a second letter.

³⁵ See No. 33 (above).

³⁶ In 1. 2 the s is represented by a single vertical stroke and a second, detached, hook-shaped stroke below the line. If this reading is correct O]nesimi would be a possible restoration.

³⁷ Found during excavations carried out for the Southwark Archaeological Excavation Committee and the Department of the Environment under the direction of the Field Officer for Southwark, Mr. H. Sheldon and submitted by Joanna Bird. For the site see Britannia iv (1973). 307.Google Scholar

³⁸ Mr. R. E. Birley for the Vindolanda Trustees made all the items from the site available, apart from this object still under treatment. For the site see pp. 408 f., 471 f.

³⁹ For the same name on a stone inscription from Room 10 of the mansio see Britannia i (1970), 309.Google Scholar

⁴⁰ The second letter, here printed as d, may be the cursive b.

⁴¹ The Vindolanda Trustees provided two infra-red photographs. Professor S. S. Frere detected 11. 1-2. Dr. J. D. Thomas helped to interpret 11. 3-5. After microscopic examination Dr. D. P. S. Peacock related the fabric and form to vessels from the north-west sector of the Gulf of Lyons but cannot say whether they extended to Luna in Liguria. It is quite unlike any Baetican amphorae, and most of those which he has examined from Lusitania have a different fabric. In contrast it should be noted (I) that Ptolemy cites a Lunarium promontory at Cap Carvoeiro, north of the mouth of the River Tagus, where a temple with an inscription to Sol et Luna has been found (CIL ii 258). (2) A globular amphor a with the place-name Esuri[s], at the mouth of the River Anas (Guadiana), found in Tower 16b, south of Beckfoot fort, Cumberland (JRS xlv (1955), 148Google Scholar, No. 25), shows that stores were broughtfrom Lusitania to the region of Hadrian's Wall. (3) The scomber could easily be fished along the Atlantic coast. (4) Amphorae were made locally and show great variation (as Mr. J. J. Paterson observed to R.P.W.). One may tentatively suggest that this amphora was labelled after the Lusitanian site.

⁴² This name is known from Greek examples, e.g. the Stoic philosopher in Diogenes Laertius vii, 39.

⁴³ For tare and full weight see JRS xxix (1939), 229Google Scholar, No. 15 (i). See also CIL iv 6152; xv 4851, 4852.

⁴⁴ Found by Miss B. Holden in whose possession it remains. Information and rubbing from Mr. P. D. C. Brown of the Ashmolean Museum.

⁴⁵ The nomen LIVIVS is regarded by Holder Altcelt. Sprachsch. as being Celtic in origin and the prefix CORI- could well be Celtic also although the name as a whole does not seem to have been attested previously.

⁴⁶ Found in 1971 during excavations directed by Messrs. C. J. Young and T. G. Hassall for the Oxford Archaeological Excavation Committee and the Department of the Environment. For the site see Britannia iv (1973), 296Google Scholar, and Oxoniensia xxxvii (1972), 10–31.Google Scholar The sherd was made available for inspection by Mr. Young and will be deposited at the Oxford City and County Museum, Woodstock.

⁴⁷ Now in Rowley's House Museum, Shrewsbury. Dr. A. W. J. Houghton sent it for study with details. R.P.W.

⁴⁸ Excavations for The Scole Committee and The Department of the Environment directed by Mr. T. F. C. Blagg who submitted this and the following two items for inspection. For the site see p. 439. Other sherds carrying graffiti but with less than three surviving letters were found on the same site.

⁴⁹ Information and rubbing from the excavator, Mr. Gerald Brodribb, who points out that the stamp is from an identical die to one found in Church Street, Dover, in 1908 (see J. Mothersole, The Saxon Shore, 1924, 110, where it is misread as AND). For previous finds of epigraphic material from the site see Britannia iv (1973), 333Google Scholar, Nos. 32-4 and ibid, ii (1971), 289, No. 2.

⁵⁰ Miss L. G. Whalley for the York Minster Archaeology Office supplied details, rubbings and squeezes. She also made Nos. 57-62 (below) available in advance of the definitive report.

⁵¹ Sent by Mr. See, S. Col.Britannia iv (1973), 280Google Scholar. A possible analogy comes from two versions of a stamp found at Richborough: (a) SILVIVS MA (complete at both ends, despite JRS) JRS xvi (1926), 244Google Scholar, No. 27, Bushe-Fox, Richborough iii, 164Google Scholar, pl. VII, 3 (note by D. Atkinson), (b) part of a retrograde version…]vs MA (found in 1933, unpublished, in Richborough Museum). One stamp from York (CIL vii, 1223 r, RCHM Eburacum 115, fig. 80, type 14) is matched at Gayton Thorpe, Norfolk (JRS xlvii (1957), 233Google Scholar, No. 27), presumably carried to that coast in ballast. We may provisionally conjecture a similar exchange of tiles as ballast between Richborough and York.

⁵² The tilemaker, working from right to left, used only three strokes, the vertical of Rho, the loop of Rho and a bar across the elongated loop of Rho to form the second stroke of Chi. Presumably he cut the sacred symbol so that the tile could serve as a protection on a roof. For a similar Christian symbol see Rodwell, and Wright, , Antiq. Joum. lii (1972), 338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁵³ Although the loop of the Dis incomplete at the top it connects at the foot and has slipped to left of the vertical.

⁵⁴ Dr. D. J. Breeze directed the excavation for the Department of the Environment and sent the sherd. No meaning can as yet be seen in this transcription. An oblique stroke ends both lines. For the site see p. 405, and Breeze, D. J. in Current Archaeology No. 42 (1974), 209.Google Scholar

⁵⁵ Found by Mr. J. W. Elliott. Now in the National Museum of Antiquities, Edinburgh; Dr. J. Close-Brooks sent details and photographs.

⁵⁶ The site is 175 m north-west of a disused windmill and three miles south of the fort at South Shields. Mr. M. Dunn first saw this about 1943. Mr. A. Bishop, Deputy Borough Librarian of South Shields, sent photographs with his enquiry; drawn by R.P.W.