Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-jr42d Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T11:38:29.544Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

‘Horrible, Speculative, Nasty, Dangerous’: Assessing the Value of Roman Iron

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2010

Lee Bray
Affiliation:
Exeter, l.s.bray@exeter.ac.uk

Abstract

The economic aspects of metallurgy in the distant past have been relatively little studied, largely owing to the absence of detailed records for periods preceding medieval times. This paper takes advantage of a rare survival, an account from the Vindolanda tablets in which a price for iron is recorded, to explore some of the economic characteristics of the metal during the first and second centuries a.d. in Britain. The inherent difficulties in employing evidence of this kind are examined before looking at the price information from the rest of the Vindolanda tablets to assess the value of iron relative to other commodities at the fort. The value of the metal is then examined compared with that of labour, thus illuminating the potential economic opportunities that became available to iron producers following the establishment of Roman rule in Britain.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2010. Exclusive Licence to Publish: The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alston, R. 1994: ‘Roman military pay from Caesar to Diocletian’, Journal of Roman Studies 84, 113–23CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bidwell, P. 2008: Sherracombe Ford Roman Pottery Assessment, Exmoor Iron Project, unpub. reportGoogle Scholar
Bowman, A.K. 1974: ‘Roman military records from Vindolanda’, Britannia 5, 360–73CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowman, A.K. 2006: ‘Outposts of empire: Vindolanda, Egypt and the empire of Rome’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 19, 7593CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowman, A.K., and Thomas, J.D. 1984: Vindolanda: the Latin Writing-Tablets, Britannia Monograph 4, LondonGoogle Scholar
Bowman, A.K., and Thomas, J.D. 1986: ‘Vindolanda 1985: the new writing tablets’, Journal of Roman Studies 76, 120–3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowman, A.K., and Thomas, J.D. 1987: ‘New texts from Vindolanda’, Britannia 18, 125–42CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowman, A.K., and Thomas, J.D. 1991: ‘A military strength report from Vindolanda’, Journal of Roman Studies 81, 6273CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowman, A.K., and Thomas, J.D. 1994: The Vindolanda Writing-Tablets: Tabulae Vindolandenses II, LondonGoogle Scholar
Bowman, A.K., and Thomas, J.D. 1996: ‘New writing tablets from Vindolanda’, Britannia 27, 299328CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowman, A.K., and Thomas, J.D. 2003: The Vindolanda Writing-Tablets: Tabulae Vindolandenses III, LondonGoogle Scholar
Bowman, A.K., Thomas, J.D., and Adams, J.N. 1990: ‘Two letters from Vindolanda’, Britannia 21, 3352CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bray, L.S. 2007: The Archaeology of Iron Production: Romano-British Evidence from the Exmoor Region, unpub. PhD thesis, University of ExeterGoogle Scholar
Breeze, D. 1984: ‘Demand and supply on the northern frontier’, in Miket, R. and Burgess, C. (eds), Between and Beyond the Walls, Essays on the Prehistory and History of Northern Britain in Honour of George Jobey, Edinburgh, 264–86Google Scholar
Breeze, D. 2000: ‘Supplying the army’, in Alföldy, G., Dobson, B. and Eck, W. (eds), Kaiser, Heer und Gesellschaft in der römischen Kaizerzeit, Stuttgart, 5964Google Scholar
Cleere, H. 1983: ‘The organisation of the iron industry in the western Roman provinces in the early empire, with special reference to Britain’, Offa 40, 103–14Google Scholar
Cleere, H., and Crossley, D. 1995: The Iron Industry of the Weald, CardiffGoogle Scholar
Curle, J. 1911: A Roman Frontier Post and its People; the Fort of Newstead in the Parish of Melrose, GlasgowGoogle Scholar
Davies, O. 1935: Roman Mines in Europe, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Duncan-Jones, R. 1982: The Economy of the Roman Empire: Quantitative Studies, CambridgeGoogle Scholar
Durman, A. 1997: ‘Iron resources and production for the Roman frontier in Pannonia’, in Crew, P. and Crew, S. (eds), Abstracts: Early Ironworking in Europe, Archaeology and Experiment, Blaenau Ffestiniog, 68Google Scholar
Fulford, M. 2004: ‘Economic structures’, in Todd, M. (ed.), A Companion to Roman Britain, Oxford, 309–26CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hopkins, K. 1980: ‘Taxes and trade in the Roman Empire (200 b.c.-a.d. 400)’, Journal of Roman Studies 70, 101–25CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hopkins, K. 2002: ‘Rome, taxes, rents and trade’, in Scheidel, W. and von Reden, S. (eds), The Ancient Economy, Edinburgh, 190232CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manning, W.H. 1985: Catalogue of the Romano-British Iron Tools, Fittings and Weapons in the British Museum, LondonGoogle Scholar
Montfort, C.C. 2002: ‘The Roman military supply during the Principate; transportation and staples’, in Erdkamp, P. (ed.), The Roman Army and the Economy, Amsterdam, 7089CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phelps-Brown, E.H., and Hopkins, S.V. 1956: ‘Seven centuries of the prices of consumables, compared with builders’ wage rates’, Economica 23, 296314CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reece, R. 2002: The Coinage of Roman Britain, StroudGoogle Scholar
Rostoker, W., and Bronson, B. 1990: Pre-Industrial Iron; its Technology and Ethnology, Archaeomaterials Monograph 1, PhiladelphiaGoogle Scholar
Sim, D., and Ridge, I. 2002: Iron for the Eagles: the Iron Industry of Roman Britain, StroudGoogle Scholar
Temin, P. 2001: ‘A market economy in the early Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies 91, 169–81CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woolf, G. 1992: ‘Imperialism, empire and the integration of the Roman economy’, World Archaeology 23 (3), 283–93CrossRefGoogle Scholar