Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-42gr6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T04:24:54.151Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Distribution, abundance, and on-land threats to Cabo Verde seabirds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 August 2020

GILSON SEMEDO ,
VITOR H. PAIVA Open the ORCID record for VITOR H. PAIVA [Opens in a new window] ,
TERESA MILITÃO ,
ISABEL RODRIGUES ,
HERCULANO A. DINIS ,
JORGE PEREIRA ,
DIANA MATOS ,
FILIPE R. CEIA ,
NATHALIE M. ALMEIDA  and
PEDRO GERALDES
...Show all authors
GILSON SEMEDO
Affiliation:
University of Coimbra, MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3004-517Coimbra, Portugal.
VITOR H. PAIVA*
Affiliation:
University of Coimbra, MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3004-517Coimbra, Portugal.
TERESA MILITÃO
Affiliation:
Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) i Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona08028, Spain.
ISABEL RODRIGUES
Affiliation:
Biosfera Cabo Verde, Rua de Moçambique 28, Mindelo, caixa postal 233, São Vicente, Cabo Verde.
HERCULANO A. DINIS
Affiliation:
Associação Projecto Vitó, Xaguate, S. Filipe, Fogo, Cabo Verde.
JORGE PEREIRA
Affiliation:
University of Coimbra, MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3004-517Coimbra, Portugal.
DIANA MATOS
Affiliation:
University of Coimbra, MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3004-517Coimbra, Portugal.
FILIPE R. CEIA
Affiliation:
University of Coimbra, MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3004-517Coimbra, Portugal.
NATHALIE M. ALMEIDA
Affiliation:
University of Coimbra, MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3004-517Coimbra, Portugal. Biosfera Cabo Verde, Rua de Moçambique 28, Mindelo, caixa postal 233, São Vicente, Cabo Verde.
PEDRO GERALDES
Affiliation:
SPEA - Sociedade Portuguesa para o Estudo das Aves, Av. Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro, 87, 3º andar, 1070-062Lisboa, Portugal.
SARAH SALDANHA
Affiliation:
Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) i Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona08028, Spain.
NADITO BARBOSA
Affiliation:
Associação Projecto Vitó, Xaguate, S. Filipe, Fogo, Cabo Verde.
MARCOS HERNÁNDEZ-MONTERO
Affiliation:
Associação Projeto Biodiversidade, Santa Maria, Ilha do Sal, Cabo Verde.
CAROLINO FERNANDES
Affiliation:
Associação Projecto Vitó, Xaguate, S. Filipe, Fogo, Cabo Verde.
JACOB GONZÁLEZ-SÓLIS
Affiliation:
Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) i Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona08028, Spain.
JAIME A. RAMOS
Affiliation:
University of Coimbra, MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3004-517Coimbra, Portugal.
*
*Author for correspondence; email: vitorpaiva@ci.uc.pt
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Pelagic seabird populations have declined strongly worldwide. In the North Atlantic there was a huge reduction in seabird populations following the European colonization of the Azores, Madeira and Canary archipelagos but information on seabird status and distribution for the subtropical region of Cabo Verde is scarce, unavailable or dispersed in grey literature. We compiled and compared the historical and current distribution of all seabird species breeding in the Cabo Verde archipelago, updated their relative abundance, investigated their inland habitat preferences, and reviewed their threats. Currently, the breeding seabird community in Cabo Verde is composed of Bulwer’s Petrel Bulweria bulwerii, White-faced Storm-petrel Pelagodroma marina aedesorum, Cape Verde Shearwater Calonectris edwardsii, Cape Verde Storm-petrel Hydrobates jabejabe, Cape Verde Petrel Pterodroma feae, Boyd's Shearwater Puffinus lherminieri boydi, Brown Booby Sula leucogaster, and Red-billed Tropicbird Phaethon aethereus. One breeding species is currently extinct, the Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens. The relative abundance of Cape Verde Shearwater, Boyd’s Shearwater, Cape Verde Petrel, and Cape Verde Storm-petrel was determined from counts of their nocturnal calls in Santo Antão, São Vicente, Santa Luzia, Branco, Raso and São Nicolau. Cape Verde Petrel occurred only on mountainous islands (Santo Antão, São Nicolau, Santiago, and Fogo) from mid-to high elevations. Larger species such as the Cape Verde Shearwater and Boyd’s Shearwater exhibited a wider distribution in the archipelago, occurring close to the coastline but at lower densities on populated islands. Small procellariforms such as the Cape Verde Storm-petrel occurred at high densities only on rat-free islets and in steep areas of main islands where introduced cats and rats are unlikely to occur. The main threats to seabird populations in Cabo Verde range from predation by introduced predators, habitat alteration or destruction, and some residual human persecution.

Keywords

historical records of seabird occurrencerelative abundancehabitat modellingnocturnal hearings
Type
Research Article
Information
Bird Conservation International , Volume 31 , Issue 1 , March 2021 , pp. 53 - 76
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of BirdLife International

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

African Bird Club (2020) Working for birds and conservation in Africa: Cape Verde Islands: www.africanbirdclub.orgGoogle Scholar
Anderson, O., Small, C., Croxall, J., Dunn, E., Sullivan, B., Yates, O. and Black, A. (2011) Global seabird bycatch in longline fisheries. Endange. Species Res. 14: 91–106CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BirdLife International (2019) Important Bird Areas factsheet. Islets of Rombo. Obtained from http://www.birdlife.orgGoogle Scholar
Bocage, J. V. (1902) Aves e répteis de Cabo Verde. J. Sciencias Mathematicas Physicas e Naturaes 6: 206–210.Google Scholar
Boessneckt, J. and Kinzelbach, R. (1993) Ein prähistorischer Brutplatz von Seevögeln auf der Insel Sal (Kapverden). J. f. Ornithol. 134: 245–271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolle, C. (1856) Die Vogelwelt auf den Inseln des grünen Vorgebirges. J. f. Ornithol. 4: 17–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourne, W. R. (1955) The birds of the Cape Verde Islands. Ibis 97: 508–556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooke, M. d., Bonnaud, E., Dilley, B. J., Flint, E. N., Holmes, N. D., Jones, H. P., Provost, P., Rocamora, G., Surman, C. and Buxton, R. T. (2017) Seabird population changes following mammal eradications on islands. Anim. Conserv. 21: 3–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buxton, R. T. and Jones, I. L. (2011) Measuring nocturnal seabird activity and status using acoustic recording devices: applications for island restoration. J. Field Ornithol. 83: 47–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caniato, B. J. (2006) Cabo Verde: a fome em sua literatura. Veredas 7: 131–14.Google Scholar
Clark, T. J., Matthiopoulos, J., Bonnet-Lebrun, A.-S., Campioni, L., Catry, P., Marengo, I., Poncet, S. and Wakefield, E. (2019) Integrating habitat and partial survey data to estimate the regional population of a globally declining seabird species, the sooty shearwater. Global Ecol. Conserv. 17: 1–15.Google Scholar
Croxall, J. P., Butchart, S. H. M., Lascelles, B., Stattersfield, A. J., Sullivan, B., Symes, A. and Taylor, P. (2012) Seabird conservation status, threats and priority actions: A global assessment. Bird Conserv. Internatn. 22: 1–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D. A. and Kirwan, G. (eds.) (2014) Handbook of the birds of the world alive. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions.Google Scholar
Dias, M. P., Martina, R., Pearmaina, E. J., Burfielda, I. J., Small, C., Richard, and Croxall, J. P. (2019). Threats to seabirds: A global assessment. Biol. Conserv. 237: 525–537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dionis, S. M., Pérez, S. M., Hernández, P. A., Melián, G., Rodríguez, F., Padrón, E., Sumino, H., Barrancos, J., Padilla, G. D., Fernandes, P., Bandomo, Z., Silva, S., Pereira, J. M., Semedo, H. and Cabal, J. (2015) Diffuse CO2 degassing and volcanic activity at Cape Verde islands, West Africa. Earth, Planets and Space 67: 1–15.Google Scholar
Doherty, T. S., Glen, S. A., Nimmo, D. G., Ritchie, E. G. and Dickman, C. R. (2016) Invasive predators and global biodiversity loss. Proc. Natl. Ac. Sci. USA 113: 11261–11265.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frade, F. (1976) Aves do arquipélago de Cabo Verde (Coleção do Centro de Zoologia da J. I. C. V.). Garcia de Orta, Série Zoologia 5: 47–58.Google Scholar
Freitas, R., Romeiras, M., Silva, L., Cordeiro, R., Madeira, P., González, J. A., Wirtz, P., Falcón, J. M., Brito, A., Floeter, S. R., Afonso, P., Porteiro, F., et al. (2019) Restructuring of the ‘Macaronesia’ biogeographic unit: A marine multi-taxon biogeographical approach. Sci. Reports 9: 1–19.Google ScholarPubMed
Furness, R. W. and Taske, M. L. (2000) Seabird-fishery interactions: quantifying the sensitivity of seabirds to reductions in sandeel abundance, and identification of key areas for sensitive seabirds in the North Sea. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 202: 253–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gomes, N., Nevesa, R., Kenova, I. A., Campuzanoa, F. J. and Pinto, L. (2015) Tide and Tidal Currents in the Cape Verde Archipelago. J. Integr. Coastal Zone Manage. 15: 395–408.Google Scholar
Hazevoet, C. J. (1994) Status and conservation of seabirds in the Cape. Birdlife Conservation Series 1: 279–293.Google Scholar
Hazevoet, C. J. (1995) The birds of the Cape Verde Islands. Tring, UK: British Ornithologists Union. (BOU check List No. 13).Google Scholar
Hazevoet, C. J. (1996) Lista Vermelha para as Aves que nidificam em Cabo Verde. Pp. 128–135 in Leyens, T., and Lobin, W., eds. Primeira Lista Vermelha de Cabo Verde. Frankfurt, Germany: Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg.Google Scholar
Hazevoet, C. J. (2014) Eighth report on birds from the Cape Verde Islands, including records of nine taxa new to the archipelago. Zool. Caboverdiana 4: 29–56.Google Scholar
INE (2017) Anuário Estatístico Cabo Verde 2017. Santiago, Praia, Cabo Verde: Instituto Nacional de Estatística.Google Scholar
INE (2018) Estatísticas do Ambiente –2016. Cidade da Praia, Santiago, Cabo Verde: Instituto Nacional de Estatística.Google Scholar
Jones, C. W., Risi, M. M., Cleeland, J. and Ryan, P. G. (2019). First evidence of mouse attacks on adult albatrosses and petrels breeding on sub-Antarctic Marion and Gough Islands. Polar Biol. 42: 619–623.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, H. P., Tershy, B. R., Zavaleta, E. S., Croll, D. A., Keitt, B. S., Finkelstein, M. E. and Howald, G. R. (2008) Severity of the effects of invasive rats on seabirds: A global review. Conserv. Biol. 22: 16–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keulemans, v. J. (1866) Opmerkingen over de vogels van de Kaapverdische Eilanden en van Prins Eiland in de Bogt van Guinea gelegen. Roy. Zool. Soc. Natura Artis Magistra, in Amsterdam 3: 363–401.Google Scholar
Krüger, L., Paiva, V. H., Petry, M. V., Montene, R. C. and Ramos, J. A. (2018) Population estimate of Trindade Petrel Pterodroma arminjoniana by the use of predictive nest habitat modelling. Bird Conserv. Internatn. 28: 197–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Corre, M. (2008) Cats, rats and seabirds. Nature 451: 134–135.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ledant,  (1988) in Hazevoet, C. J. (1995) The birds of the Cape Verde Islands. Tring, UK: British Ornithologists Union. (BOU check List No. 13).Google Scholar
Lopes, J. F., Ferreira, J. A. and Rocha, A. C. (2015) Circulação de correntes. P. 62 in Vasconcelos, R., Rocha, A. C., Afonso, C. M., Almeida, C., Lopes, E., Loura, I. C. and Ferreira, J. A.. The natural history of the Desertas Islands: Santa Luzia Branco and Raso. Global Environment Facility Small Grants Programme – Sociedade Caboverdiana de Zoologia.Google Scholar
Lopes, R. J., Pinho, C. J., Santos, B., Seguro, M., Mata, V. A., Egeter, B. and Vasconcelos, R. (2019) Intricate trophic links between threatened vertebrates confined to a small island in the Atlantic Ocean. Ecol. Evol. 9: 4994–5002.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
López-Suárez, P. (2012) Bird population monitoring report: Ospreys and Red-Billed Tropicbirds. ONG Cabo Verde Natura 2000.Google Scholar
López-Suárez, P., Hazevoet, C. J., and Palma, L. (2012) Has the magnificent frigatebird Fregata magnificens in the Cape Verde Islands reached the end of the road? Zool. Caboverdiana 3: 82–86.Google Scholar
López-Suárez, P., Varo Cruz, N., Hazevoet, C. J. and López Jurado, L. F. (2005) Restricted nesting habitat and reproductive failure of Magnificent Frigatebirds Fregata magnificens in the Cape Verde Islands. Atlantic Seabirds 7: 107–120.Google Scholar
Manne, L. L., Brooks, T. M. and Pimm, S. L. (1999) Relative risk of extinction of passerine birds on continents and Islands. Nature 399: 258–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacGillivray,  (1852) in Hazevoet, C. J. (1995) The birds of the Cape Verde Islands. Tring, UK: British Ornithologists Union. (BOU check List No. 13).Google Scholar
Medina, F. M., Oliveira, P., Geraldes, P., Melo, J. and Barros, N. (2012) Diet of feral cats Felis catus L., 1758 on Santa Luzia, Cape Verde Islands. Zool. Caboverdiana 67–73.Google Scholar
Melo, J. (2011) Work done at the Marine Reserve of Santa Luzia, Cape Verde. P, 70 in Book of Abstracts. Ornithological Conference from the Portuguese Society for the Protection of Birds (SPEA).Google Scholar
Melo, J., Melo, J., Cabral, J. J. and Loura, I. C. (2015) Presença humana. Pp. 40-60 in Vasconcelos, R., Rocha, A. C., Afonso, C. M., Almeida, C., Lopes, E., Loura, I. C. and Ferreira, J. A.. The natural history of the Desertas Islands: Santa Luzia Branco and Raso. Ornithological Conference from the Portuguese Society for the Protection of Birds (SPEA).Google Scholar
Militão, T., Dinis, H. A., Zang, L., Calabuig, P., Stefan, L. M., and González-Solís, J. (2017) Population size, breeding biology and on-land threats of Cape Verde petrel (Pterodroma feae) in Fogo Island, Cape Verde. PLoS ONE 12(4): e0174803.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Millán, J. (2018) Feeding habits of feral cats Felis silvestris catus in the countryside of Majorca Island, Spain. Wildl. Biol. in Practice 6: 32–38.Google Scholar
Milne-Edwards, A. (1883) Description d’espéces nouvelles d’oiseaux provenant des Iles du Cap Vert. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie et Paléontologie I-2.Google Scholar
Monteiro, L. R., Ramos, J. A. and Furness, R. W. (1996) Past and present status and conservation of the seabirds breeding in the Azores Archipelago. Biol. Conserv. 78: 319–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monteiro, L. R., Ramos, J. A., Pereira, J. C., Monteiro, P. R., Feio, R. S., Bearhop, S. and Graz, M. P. (1999) Status and distribution of Fea's petrel, Bulwer´s petrel, Manx shearwater, Little shearwater and Band-rumped storm-petrel in the Azores Archipelago. Waterbirds 22: 358–366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, R. C. (1924) The marine ornithology of the Cape Verde Islands, with a list of all the birds of the archipelago. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 50: 211–278.Google Scholar
Naurois, R. D. (1969) Notes brèves sur l’Archipel du Cap-Vert. Faunistique, endémisme, écologie. Bull. Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire 31: 143–218.Google Scholar
Naurois, R. D. (1970) Muséum National d’ Histoire naturelle, Paris (France) Collection: Birds (ZO) Specimen MNHN-ZO-MO-1970-48. France museum data.Google Scholar
Nogales, M., Vidal, E., Medina, F. M., Bonnaud, E., Tershy, B. R., Campbell, K. J. and Zavaleta, E. S. (2013) Feral cats and biodiversity conservation: The urgent prioritization of island management. BioScience 63: 804–810.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliveira, N., Oliveira, J., Melo, T., Melo, J. and Geraldes, P. L. (2013) Possible breeding of Cape Verde storm-petrel Oceanodroma jabejabe (Bocage, 1875) on Santa Luzia, Cape Verde Islands. Zool. Caboverdiana 4: 17–20.Google Scholar
Paleczny, M., Hammill, E., Karpouzi, V. and Pauly, D. (2015) Population trend of the world’s monitored seabirds, 1950-2010. PLoS ONE 10(6): e0129342.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pina, A. F. (2010) Passadores de Pau. Praia: Author Edition.Google Scholar
Probst, J-M., Corre, M. Le and Thébaud, C. (2000) Breeding habitat and conservation priorities in Pterodroma baraui, an endangered gadfly petrel of the Mascarene archipelago. Biol. Conserv. 93: 135–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
R Core Team (2019) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/.Google Scholar
Ramalho, R., Helffrich, G., Schmidt, D. and Vance, D. (2010) Tracers of uplift and subsidence in the Cape Verde archipelago. J. Geol. Soc. 167: 519–538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rayner, M. J., Hauber, M. E. and Clout, M. N. (2007) Breeding habitat of the Cook’s Petrel (Pterodroma cookii) on Little Barrier Island (Hauturu): implications for the conservation of a New Zealand endemic. Emu - Austral Ornithol. 107: 59–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ratcliffe, N., Zino, F. J., Oliveira, P., Vasconcelos, A., Hazevoet, C. J., Neves, H. C., Monteiro, R. L. and Zino, E. (2000) The status and distribution of Fea's Petrel Pterodroma feae in the Cape Verde islands. Atlantic Seabirds 2: 73–86.Google Scholar
Rendall, A. and Pile, E. (2007) Plano de Conservação de Aves Marinhas para Cabo Verde. Instituto Nacional de Investigação e Desenvolvimento Agrário (INIDA). Internal Report.Google Scholar
Riofrío-Lazo, M. and Páez-Rosas, D. (2015) Feeding habits of introduced black rats, Rattus rattus, in nesting colonies of Galapagos Petrel on San Cristóbal Island Galapagos. PLoS ONE 10(5): e0127901.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rivas-Martínez, S., Lousã, M., Costa, J. C. and Duarte, M. C. (2017) Geobotanical survey of Cabo Verde Islands (West Africa). Internatn. J. Geobotan. Res. 7: 1–103.Google Scholar
Rodríguez, A., Rodríguez, B. and Lucas, M. (2012) Trends in numbers of petrels attracted to artificial lights suggest population declines in Tenerife, Canary Islands. Ibis 154: 167–172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodríguez, A., García, D., Rodríguez, B., Cardona, E., Parpal, L. and Pons, P. (2015a) Artificial lights and seabirds: is light pollution a threat for the threatened Balearic petrels. J. Ornithol. 893–902.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodríguez, A., Rodríguez, B. and Negro, J. J. (2015b) GPS tracking for mapping seabird mortality induced by light pollution. Sci. Reports 5: 10670.Google Scholar
Romano, H., Fagundes, C. C., Zino, F. and Biscoito, M. (2010) Birds of the archipelagos of Madeira and the Selvagens. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal 60 (326): 5–44.Google Scholar
Roque, A. C. and Torrão, M. M. (2013) Relação dos produtos naturais da Ilha do Fogo Remetidos na presente expedição para o Real Gabinete do Príncipe Nosso Senhor em 11 de Agosto de 1786. Pp. 60–73 in Cabo Verde para Lisboa: Cartas e Remessas Científicas da Expedição Naturalista de João da Silva Feijo (1783-1796). Lisboa: Instituto de Investigação Cientifica Tropical.Google Scholar
Saavedra, C., Santos, M. B., Valcarce, P., Freitas, L., Silva, M., Pipa, T., et al. (2018) Macaronesian Roof Report. Technical Report. Macaronesia: Project MISTICSEAS II, 114. Available at: http://misticseas3.com/sites/default/files/material-divulgativo/macaronesian_roof_report_en.pdf.Google Scholar
Salvadori, T. (1899) Collezioni ornitologiche fatte nelle isole del Capo Verde do Leonardo Fea. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 20: 283–312.Google Scholar
Santos, A. R. and Semedo, J. M. (2006) Subsídios para um plano de desenvolvimento integrado da ilha do Maio. Cidade de Praia, Cabo Verde: Instituto Superior de Educação.Google Scholar
Sarmento, R., Brito, D., Ladle, R. J., Leal, G. d. and Efe, M. A. (2014) Invasive house (Rattus rattus) and brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) threaten the viability of red-billed tropicbird (Phaethon aethereus) in Abrolhos National Park, Brazil. Trop. Conserv. Sci. 7: 614–627.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simeone, A., Luna-Jorquera, G., Bernal, M., Garthe, S., Sepúlveda, F., Villablanca, R. and Ellenberg, U. (2003) Breeding distribution and abundance of seabirds on islands off north-central Chile. Rev. Chilena Hist. Natural 76: 323–333.Google Scholar
Tavares, A. and Ratão, S. S. (2017) First monitoring of white-faced storm petrel Pelogodroma marina in Maio’s island, Cape Verde, West Africa. Fundação Maio Biodiversidade. http://www.seabirdgroup.org.uk/reports/grant-white-faced-storm-petrel-maio-island-2017.pdf.Google Scholar
Tosco, R. B., Castro, G. D. and Anderson, M. F. (2000) La Avifauna nidificante del Archipielago de Cabo Verde. Makaronesia 2: 43–55.Google Scholar
Vasconcelos, R., Rocha, A. C., Afonso, C. M., Almeida, C., Lopes, E., Loura, I. C. and Ferreira, J. A. (2015) The natural history of Desertas Islands: Santa Luzia, Branco e Raso. CIBIO-InBIO (Universidade do Porto); IICT (Jardim Botânico Tropical de Portugal); DECM (Universidade de Cabo Verde).Google Scholar
Venables, W. N. and Ripley, B. D. (2002) Modern applied statistics with S. Fourth Edition. New York: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, L., Liu, X., Wu, L., Sun, L., Zhao, J. and Chen, L. (2016) Decline of recent seabirds inferred from a composite 1000-year record of population dynamics. Sci. Reports 6: 35191.Google ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: File

Semedo et al. supplementary material

Semedo et al. supplementary material

Download Semedo et al. supplementary material(File)
File 774.6 KB