Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-dnltx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T21:05:29.427Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Self-control in Schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 October 2014

Olga Elizabeth Piatkowska  and
Douglas Farnill
Olga Elizabeth Piatkowska
Affiliation:
Northern Sydney Area Health Service
Douglas Farnill*
Affiliation:
University of Sydney
*
Department Behavioural Sciences in Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Get access

Abstract

This paper reviews studies of the application of self-control procedures to the symptoms of schizophrenia. The authors argue that, while there are few well-controlled studies on their effectiveness, there are many cognitive-behavioural techniques which show promise for assisting clients to develop greater mastery over a number of symptoms. Surveys also show that many persons with schizophrenia spontaneously use their own methods to gain some control over their symptoms. While much further research is needed in this area, clinicians need to empower clients with schizophrenia to explore and enhance their self-control skills.

Type
Research Article
Information
Behaviour Change , Volume 10 , Issue 2 , June 1993 , pp. 53 - 62
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Adams, H.E., Malatesta, V., Brantley, P.J., & Turkat, I.D. (1981). Modification of cognitive processes: A case study of schizophrenia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 49, 460–464.Google Scholar
Alford, B.A. (1986). Behavioral treatment of schizophrenic delusions. A single-case experimental study. Behavior Therapy, 17, 637–644.Google Scholar
Alford, G.S., & Turner, S.M. (1976). Stimulus interference and conditioned inhibition of auditory hallucinations. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 7, 155–160.Google Scholar
Alumbaugh, R.V. (1971). Use of behavior modification techniques toward reduction of hallucinatory behavior: A case study. Psychological Record, 21, 415–517.Google Scholar
Bellack, A.S. (1986). Schizophrenia: Behavior therapy's forgotten child. Behavior Therapy, 17, 199–214.Google Scholar
Bellack, A.S., Morrison, R.L., & Mueser, K.T. (1989). Social problem solving in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 15, 101–116.Google Scholar
Bentall, R.P., Higson, P.J., & Lowe, C.F. (1987). Teaching self-instructions to chronic schizophrenic patients: Efficacy and generalization. Behavioral Psychotherapy, 15, 58–76.Google Scholar
Birchwood, M. (1986). Control of auditory hallucinations through occlusion of monaural auditory input. British Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 104–107.Google Scholar
Birchwood, M. (1992). Early intervention in schizophrenia: Theoretical background and clinical strategies. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31, 257–278.Google Scholar
Boker, W., Brenner, H.D., & Wurgler, S. (1989). Vulnerability-linked deficiencies, psychopathology and coping behaviour of schizophrenics and their relatives. British Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 128–135.Google Scholar
Breier, A., & Strauss, J.S. (1983). Self-control in psychotic disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 1141–1145.Google Scholar
Brenner, H.D., Boker, W., Muller, J., Spichtig, L., & Wurgler, S. (1987). On autoprotective efforts of schizophrenics, neurotics and controls. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 75, 405–414.Google Scholar
Carr, V. (1988). Patients' techniques for coping with schizophrenia: An exploratory study. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 61, 339–352.Google Scholar
Chandiramani, K., & Varma, V.K. (1987). Imagery in schizophrenic patients compared with normal controls. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 60, 335–341.Google Scholar
Cohen, C.I., & Berk, L.A. (1985). Personal coping styles of schizophrenic outpatients. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 54, 42–50.Google Scholar
Cole, P.M., & Newcombe, N. (1983). Interference effects of verbal and imaginal strategies for resisting distraction on children's verbal and visual recognition memory. Child Development, 54, 42–50.Google Scholar
Corrigan, P.W., Davies-Farmer, R.M., & Lome, H.B. (1988). A curriculum based, psychoeducational program for the mentally ill. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 12, 71–73.Google Scholar
D'Zurila, T.J. (1986). Problem solving therapy: A social competence approach to clinical intervention. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Errickson, E., Darnell, M.H., & Labeck, L. (1978). Short communications: Brief treatment of hallucinatory behavior with behavioral techniques. Behavior Therapy, 9, 663–665.Google Scholar
Fagan, S.A., Long, N.J., & Stevens, D.J. (1975). Teaching children self-control. Columbus, OH: Bell & Howell.Google Scholar
Falloon, I.R.H., & Talbot, R.E. (1981). Persistent auditory hallucinations: Coping mechanisms and implications for management. Psychological Medicine, 11, 329–339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flannery, F. (1981). Self-instructional training in the modification of schizophrenic verbal behaviour. Paper presented at the 4th Australian Conference on Behaviour Modification, University of Sydney.Google Scholar
Fuoco, F.J., & Christian, W.P. (Eds.). (1986). Behavior analysis and therapy in residential programs. New York: Van Nostrand/Reinhold.Google Scholar
Herz, M.I. (1984). Recognising and preventing relapse in patients with schizophrenia. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 35, 344–349.Google Scholar
Herz, M.I. (1990). Early intervention in schizophrenia. In Herz, M.I., Keith, S., & Docherty, J. (Eds.), Handbook of schizophrenia (Vol. 4, pp. 25–44). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publications.Google Scholar
James, E. (1983). The experimental treatment of two cases of auditory hallucinations. British Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 515–516.Google Scholar
Kanas, N. (1988). Therapy groups for schizophrenic patients on acute care units. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 39, 546–549.Google Scholar
Kanfer, F.H. (1971). The maintenance of behavior by self-generated stimuli and reinforcement. In Jacobs, A. & Sachs, L.B. (Eds.), The psychology of private events: Perspectives on covert response systems (pp. 39–59). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Karoly, P., & Kanfer, F.H. (Eds.). (1982). Self-management and behavior change: From theory to practice. New York: Pergamon.Google Scholar
Kavanagh, D.J., Piatkowska, O.E., Manicavasagar, V., & O'Halloran, P. (1989). Prevention of relapse in schizophrenia: Individual intervention manual. Sydney: University of Sydney, Badham Clinic.Google Scholar
MacMillan, F., Birchwood, M., & Smith, J. (1992). Predicting and controlling relapse in schizophrenia: Early signs monitoring. In Kavanagh, D. (Ed.), Schizophrenia: An overview and practical handbook (pp. 356–373). London: Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Meichenbaum, D.M., & Cameron, R. (1973). Training schizophrenics to talk to themselves: A means of developing attentional controls. Behavior Therapy, 4, 515–534.Google Scholar
Meyers, A., Mercatoris, M., & Sirota, A. (1976). Case study: Use of covert self-instruction for the elimination of psychotic speech. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 480–482.Google Scholar
Moser, A.J. (1976). Covert punishment of hallucinatory behaviors in a psychotic male. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 5, 297–299.Google Scholar
Nydegger, R.V. (1972). The elimination of hallucinatory and delusionary behavior by verbal conditioning and assertive training: A case study. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 3, 225–227.Google Scholar
Piatkowska, O.E., Kavanagh, D.J., Manicavasagar, V., & O'Halloran P. (1989). Prevention of relapse in schizophrenia: Family intervention manual. Sydney: University of Sydney, Badham Clinic.Google Scholar
Romme, M.A.J., & Escher, A.D. (1989). Hearing voices. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 15, 209–216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slade, P.D. (1972). The effects of systematic desensitisation on auditory hallucinations. Behavior Research and Therapy, 10, 85–91.Google Scholar
Slade, P.D. (1974). The external control of auditory hallucinations: An information theory analysis. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 13, 73–79.Google Scholar
Slade, P.D., & Bentall, R. (1989). Psychological treatments for negative symptoms. British Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 133–135.Google Scholar
Strauss, J.S. (1989). Subjective experiences of schizophrenia: Toward a new dynamic psychiatry - II. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 15, 179–189.Google Scholar
Subotnik, K.L., & Nuechterlein, K.H. (1988). Prodromal signs and symptoms of schizophrenic relapse. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 405–412.Google Scholar
Tarrier, N. (1987). An investigation of residual psychotic symptoms in discharged schizophrenic outpatients. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 26, 141–143.Google Scholar
Tarrier, N. (1992a). Treatment of positive schizophrenic symptoms. In Kavanagh, D. (Ed.), Schizophrenia: An overview and practical handbook (pp. 356–373). London: Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Tarrier, N. (1992b). Management and modification of residual positive symptoms. In Birchwood, M. & Tarrier, N. (Eds.), Innovations in the psychological management of schizophrenia: Assessment, treatment and services (pp. 147–169). New York: Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Tarrier, N., Harwood, S., Yusopoff, L., Beckett, R., & Baker, A. (1990). Coping strategy enhancement (CSE): A method of treating residual schizophrenic symptoms. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 18, 283–293.Google Scholar
Thurm, I., & Haefner, H. (1987). Perceived vulnerability, relapse risk and coping in schizophrenia: An explorative study. European Archives of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 237, 46–53.Google Scholar
Turner, S.M., Hersen, M., & Bellack, A.S. (1977). Effects of social disruption, stimulus interference and eversive conditioning on auditory hallucinations. Behaviour Modification, 1, 249–258.Google Scholar
Weingartner, A.H. (1971). Self-administered aversive stimulation with hallucinating hospitalized schizophrenics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 36, 422–429.Google Scholar
Westbrook, M.T., Gething, L., & Bradbury, B. (1987). Belief in ability to control chronic illness: Associated evaluations and medical experiences. Australian Psychologist, 22, 203–218.Google Scholar
White, M. (1987, Spring). Family therapy and schizophrenia: Addressing the “in-the-corner” lifestyle. Dulwich Centre Newsletter, pp. 14–21.Google Scholar