Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-tn8tq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-20T22:37:56.730Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Behavioural Marital Therapy: An Overview

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 October 2014

Brett C. Behrens*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland
W. Kim Halford
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland
Matthew R. Sanders
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland
*
Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Clinical Sciences Building, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston QLD 4029
Get access

Abstract

Behavioural marital therapy (BMT) has developed from the application of social exchange and social learning theories to the understanding and modification of marital interaction. Encouraging high rates of exchange of positive behaviours, and training in communication skills, have been the major focuses of BMT till recently. While these strategies produce therapeutic change, there are still many couples whose marriages do not improve with this sort of therapy. Recent developments have focused on the role of cognitive, affective and situational variables in marital interaction. Outcome research has shown the value of cognitive and affective interventions in their own right, but it is unclear if the addition of these interventions will enhance the efficacy of BMT.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Australian Bureau of Statistics (1984). Social Indicators. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics.Google Scholar
Azrin, N.H., Naster, B.J. & Jones, R. (1973). A rapid learning-based procedure for marital counselling. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 11, 365382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Baucom, D.H. (1982). A comparison of behavioural contracting and problem-solving/communications training in behavioural marital therapy. Behavior Therapy, 13, 162174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baucom, D.H. (1985). Enhancing behavioral marital therapy with cognitive restructuring and emotional expressiveness training. Paper presented at the 19th Annual Convention of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Houston, United States.Google Scholar
Baucom, D.H. & Hoffman, J.A. (1986). The effectiveness of marital therapy: Current status and application to the clinical setting. In Jacobson, N.S. & Gurman, A.S. (Eds.), Clinical Handbook of Marital Therapy. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Baucom, D.H. & Lester, G.W. (1986). The usefulness of cognitive-restructuring as an adjunct to behavioural marital therapy. Behavior Therapy, 17, 385403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baucom, D.H. & Mehlman, S.K. (1984). Predicting marital status following behavioural marital therapy: A comparison of models of marital relationships. In Hahlweg, K. & Jacobson, N.S. (Eds.), Marital Interaction: Analysis and Modification. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Beach, S.R. & Broderick, J.E. (1983). Commitment: A variable in women's response to marital therapy. American Journal of Family Therapy, 11, 1624.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Behrens, B., Sanders, M.R., & Halford, W.K. (1989). Generalisation of communication skills following behavioural marital therapy. Manuscript submitted for publication.Google Scholar
Bennum, I. (1985). Prediction and responsiveness in behavioural marital therapy. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 13, 186201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berley, R.A. & Jacobson, N.S. (1984). Causal attributions in intimate relationships: Toward a model of cognitive-behavioural marital therapy. In Kendall, P. (Ed.), Advances in Cognitive-Behavioral Research and Therapy. 3, 190. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Billings, A. (1979). Conflict resolution in distressed and nondistressed married couples. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 17, 368376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birchler, G.R. & Spinks, S. (1980). Behavioural systems marital and family therapy: Integration and clinical application. American Journal of Family Therapy, 8, 628.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birchler, G.R., Weiss, R.L. & Vincent, J.P. (1975). Multimethod analysis of social reinforcement exchange between maritally distressed and non-distressed spouse and stranger dyads. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 344360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bornstein, P.H. & Bornstein, M.T. (1986). Marital Therapy: A Behavioral Communications Approach. New York: Pergamon.Google Scholar
Broderick, J.E. & O'Leary, K.D. (1986). Contributions of affect, attitudes, and behaviour to marital satisfaction. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 514517.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bussod, N. & Jacobson, N.S. (1983). Cognitive-Behavioral marital therapy. Counselling Psychologist, 11, 5763.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christensen, A. & Nies, D.C. (1980). Cognitive-Behavioral marital therapy. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 8, 6979.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crowe, M.J. (1978). Conjoint marital therapy: A controlled outcome study. Psychological Medicine, 8, 623636.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dadds, M.R., Sanders, M.R., Behrens, B.C. & James, J.E. (1987). Marital discord and child behavior problems: A description of family interactions during treatment. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 15, 3, 192203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drabman, R.S., Hammer, D. & Rosenbaum, M.S. (1979). Assessing generalisation of behavior modification with children: The generalisation map. Behavioral Assessment, 1, 203219.Google Scholar
Emery, R.E. (1982). Interparental conflict and the children of discord and divorce. Psychological Bulletin, 92, 310330.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Emmelkamp, P., van der Helm, M., MacGillavry, D. & van Zanten, B. (1984). Marital therapy with clinically distressed couples: A comparative evaluation of system-theoretic, contingency contracting and communication skills approaches. In Hahlweg, K. & Jacobson, N.S. (Eds.) Marital Interaction: Analysis and Modification. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Epstein, N. (1982). Cognitive therapy with couples. American Journal of Family Therapy, 10, 516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Epstein, N. & Eidelson, R.J. (1981). Unrealistic beliefs of clinical couples: Their relationship to expectations, goals and satisfaction. American Journal of Family Therapy, 9, 1322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ewart, C.K. (1978). Behavioral marriage therapy with older couples: Effects of training measured by the Marital Adjustment Scale. Paper presented at the meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Chicago.Google Scholar
Fincham, F.D., Beach, S.R. & Baucom, D.H. (1987). Attributional processes in distressed and nondistressed couples: 4. Self-partner attribution differences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 739748.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Floyd, F.J. & Markman, H.J. (1983). Observational biases in spouse observation: Toward a cognitive-behavioral model of marriage. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 460–457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glick, P.C. (1984). How American families are changing. American Demographics, 6, 2025.Google Scholar
Gottman, J.M. (1979). Marital Interaction: Expermental Investigations. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Gottman, J.M. (1982). Temporal form: Toward a new language for describing relationships. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 44, 943962.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottman, J.M. & Levenson, R.W. (1985). A valid procedure for obtaining self-report of affect in marital interaction. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53, 151160.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gottman, J.M. & Levenson, R.W. (1986). Assessing the role of emotion in marriage. Behavioral Assessment, 8, 3148.Google Scholar
Gottman, J.M., Markman, H. & Notarius, C. (1977). The topography of marital conflict: A sequential analysis of verbal and nonverbal behavior. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 39, 461477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenberg, L.S. & Johnson, S.M. (1986). Emotionally focused couples therapy. In Jacobson, N.S. & Gurman, A.S. (Eds.) Clinical Handbook of Marital Therapy. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Greenberg, L.S. & Safran, , (1984). Integrating affect and cognition: A perspective on the process of therapeutic change. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 8, 559573.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guerney, B.G. (1977). Relationship Enhancement, CA: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Gurman, A.S. & Kniskern, D.P. (1978). Research on marital and family therapy: Progress, perspectives and prospect. In Garfield, S.L. & Bergin, A.E. (Eds.) Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Hahlweg, K. & Jacobson, N.S. (Eds.) (1984). Marital Interaction: Analysis and Modification. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Hahlweg, K. & Markman, H.J. (1983). The effectiveness of behavioral marital therapy: Empirical status of behavior techniques in preventing and alleviating marital distress. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy. D.C.Google Scholar
Hahlweg, K. & Markman, H.J. (1988). Recent advances in behavioral marital therapy and in preventing marital distress. In Falloon, I.R. (Ed.) Handbook of Behavioral Family Therapy. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Hahlweg, K., Schindler, L., Revenstorf, D. & Brengelman, J.C. (1984). The Munich marital therapy study. In Hahlweg, K. & Jacobson, N.S. (Eds.), Marital Interaction: Analysis and Modification. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Halford, W.K., Gravestock, F.M., Lowe, R. & Scheldt, S. (1988). Setting variables and stressful marital interactions. Manuscript submitted for publication.Google Scholar
Halford, W.K. & Sanders, M.R. (1985). Behavioral marital therapy: Current status, limitations and future directions. Behaviour Change, 2, 3642.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halford, W.K. & Sanders, M.R. (1989). Cognitive and behavioral correlates of marital distress during problem-solving discussions. Manuscript submitted for publication.Google Scholar
Holtzworth-Munroe, A. & Jacobson, N.S. (1985). Causal attributions of married couples: When do they search for causes? What do they conclude when they do? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 13981412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huber, C. & Milstein, H. (1985). Cognitive restructuring and collaborative set in couples work. American Journal of Family Therapy, 13, 1727.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Institute of Family Studies Annual Report (1986). Melbourne: Institute of Family Studies.Google Scholar
Jacobson, N.S. (1977). Problem-solving and contingency contracting in the treatment of marital discord. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 45, 92100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacobson, N.S. (1978). Specific and nonspecific factors in the effectiveness of a behavioral approach to the treatment of marital discord. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 442452.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobson, N.S. (1984a). A component analysis of behavioral marital therapy: The relative effectiveness of behavior exchange and communication/problem-solving training. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 295305.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacobson, N.S. (1984b). The modification of cognitive processes in behavioral marital therapy: Integrating cognitive and behavioral intervention strategies. In Hahlweg, K. & Jacobson, N.S. (Eds.), Marital Interaction: Analysis and Modification. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Jacobson, N.S. (1989). The politics of intimacy. Behavior Therapist, 12, 2932.Google Scholar
Jacobson, N.S., Follette, V.M., Follette, W.C., Holtzworth-Munroe, A., Katt, J.L. & Schmaling, K.B. (1985). A component analysis of behavioral marital therapy: 1-year follow-up. Behavior Research and Therapy, 23, 549555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobson, N.S., Follette, W.C. & McDonald, D.W. (1982). Reactivity to positive and negative behavior in distressed and nondistressed married couples. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 706714.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacobson, N.S., Follette, W.C., Revenstorf, D., Baucom, D.H., Hahlweg, K. & Margolin, G. (1984). Variability in outcome and clinical significance of behavioral marital therapy: A reanalysis of outcome data. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 497504.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacobson, N.S. & Gurman, A.S. (Eds) (1986). Clinical Handbook of Marital Therapy. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Jacobson, N.S. & Holtzworth-Munroe, A. (1986). Marital therapy: A social-learning cognitive perspective. In Jacobson, N.S. & Gurman, A.S. (Eds) Clinical Handbook of Marital Therapy. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Jacobson, N.S. & Margolin, G. (1979). Marital Therapy: Strategies Based on Social Learning and Behavior Exchange Principles. New York: Brunner/Mazel.Google Scholar
Jacobson, N.S., McDonald, D.W., Follette, W.C. & Berley, R.A. (1985). Attributional processes in distressed and nondistressed married couples. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 9, 3550.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobson, N.S. & Moore, D. (1981). Spouses as observers of the events in their relationship. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 49, 269277.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacobson, N.S., Waldron, H. & Moore, D. (1980). Toward a behavioral profile of marital distress. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 696703.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, S.M. & Greenberg, L.S. (1985). Differential effects of experiential and problem-solving interventions in resolving marital conflict. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53, 175184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelley, H.H. (1979). Personal Relationships: Their Structures and Processes. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Lee, C. (1987). Affective behavior modification: A case for empirical investigation. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 18, 203213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liberman, R.P., Wheeler, E. & Saunders, N. (1976). Behavioral therapy for marital disharmony: An educational approach. Journal of Marriage and Family Counselling, 2, 383395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Margolin, G. & Wampold, B.E. (1981). Sequential analysis of conflict and accord in distressed and nondistressed marital partners. Journal of Consuiting and Clinical Psychology, 49, 554567.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Margolin, G. & Weiss, R.L. (1978a). Communication training and assessment: A case of behavioral marital enrichment. Behavior Therapy, 9, 508520.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Margolin, G. & Weiss, R.L. (1978b). Comparative evaluation of therapeutic components associated with behavioral marital treatments. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 14761486.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Markman, H.J., Floyd, F.J., Stanley, S.M. & Jamieson, K. (1984). A cognitive-behavioral program for the prevention of marital and family distress: Issues in program development and delivery. In Hahlweg, K. & Jacobson, N.S. (Eds) Marital Interaction: Analysis and Modification. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Marlatt, G.A. & Gordon, J.R. (Eds.) (1985). Relapse Prevention. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Noller, P. (1980). Misunderstandings in marital communication: A study of couples' nonverbal communication. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 11351148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Overall, J.E., Henry, B.W. & Woodward, J. (1974). Dependence of marital problems on parental family history. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 83, 446450.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rausch, H.L., Barry, W.A., Hertel, R.K. & Swain, M.A. (1974). Communication, conflict and marriage. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Revenstorf, D., Hahlweg, K., Schindler, L. & Vogel, B. (1984). Interaction analysis of marital conflict. In Hahlweg, K. & Jacobson, N.S. (Eds.), Marital Interaction: Analysis and Modification. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Revenstorf, D., Vogel, B., Wegener, C., Hahlweg, K. & Schindler, L. (1980). Escalation phenomena in interaction sequences: An empirical comparison of distressed and nondistressed couples. Behavior Analysis and Modification, 4, 97115.Google Scholar
Reynolds, I., Rizzo, D., Gallagher, H. & Speedy, B. (1979). Psychosocial problems of Sydney Adults. Sydney: Health Commission of N.S.W.Google Scholar
Robinson, E.A. & Price, M.G. (1980). Pleasurable behavior in marital interaction: An observational study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 117118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanders, M.R. & Glynn, T. (1981). Training parents in behavioral self-management: An analysis of generalization and maintenance. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 14, 223237.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sanders, M.R. & James, J.E. (1983). The modification of parent behavior: A review of generalization and maintenance. Behavior Modification, 7, 327.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sarantakos, S. (1975). Anatomy of divorce. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 10, 163178.Google Scholar
Satir, V. (1967). Conjoint Family Therapy. Palo Alto, CA: Science and Behavior Books.Google Scholar
Schaap, C. (1984). A comparison of the interaction of distressed and non-distressed married couples in a laboratory situation: Literature survey, methodological issues, and an empirical investigation. In Hahlweg, K. & Jacobson, N.S. (Eds.), Marital Interaction: Analysis and Modification. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Schindler, L. & Vollmer, M. (1984). Cognitive perspectives in behavioral marital therapy: Some proposals for bridging theory, research, and practice. In Hahlweg, K. & Jacobson, N.S. (Eds.), Marital Interaction: Analysis and Modification. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Smith, M.L. & Glass, G.V. (1977). Meta-analysis of psychotherapy outcome studies. American Psychology, 32, 752760.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stokes, T.F. & Baer, D.M. (1977). An implicit technology of generalization. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 10, 349367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Straus, M.A., Gelles, R.J. & Steinmetz, S.K. (1980). Behind Closed Doors: Violence in the American Family. New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Stuart, R.B. (1969). Operant-interpersonal treatment of marital discord. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33, 675682.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stuart, R.B. (1980). Helping Couples Change: A Social Learning Approach to Marital Therapy. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Terman, L.M. (1938). Psychological Factors in Marital Happiness. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Thibaut, J.W. & Kelley, H.H. (1959). The Social Psychology of Groups. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Turkewitz, H. & O'Leary, K.D. (1981). A comparative outcome study of behavioral marital therapy and communication therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 7, 159169.Google Scholar
Vincent, J.P., Weiss, R.L. & Birchler, G.R. (1975). A behavioral analysis of problem-solving in distressed and nondistressed married and stranger dyads. Behavior Therapy, 6, 475487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wills, T.A., Weiss, R.L. & Patterson, G.R. (1974). A behavioral analysis of the determinants of marital satisfaction. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 802811.CrossRefGoogle Scholar