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Assessment of the Jury Systems in Asia: A Comparison of Korea and Japan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2019

Jae-Hyup LEE  and
Jisuk WOO
Jae-Hyup LEE
Affiliation:
Seoul National University, Republic of Koreajhyup@snu.ac.krjisuk@snu.ac.kr
Jisuk WOO
Affiliation:
Seoul National University, Republic of Koreajhyup@snu.ac.krjisuk@snu.ac.kr
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Abstract

This article compares the Korean and Japanese jury systems, evaluating the performance of jury trials as reflected in empirical studies in these countries, and identifying some innovative practices in Korean and Japanese systems that can be adopted by other jurisdictions. This comparative study of Korean and Japanese jury systems will also address common problems and investigate different approaches to those problems. At this juncture, numerous existing empirical studies conducted in both countries provide a good framework for comparison. Although jury trials are firmly entrenched within the Korean and Japanese legal systems, there are several common challenges faced by each country that uses lay juries: avoidance of bias, judicial oversight and intervention for reasoned decision-making, importance of rationality in the jury deliberation process, etc. A careful analysis of the Korean and Japanese experiences will provide useful guidance to not only policymakers in Asia but also criminal justice scholars around the world.

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Article
Information
Asian Journal of Comparative Law , Volume 14 , Supplement S1 , October 2019 , pp. S77 - S96
Copyright
Copyright © National University of Singapore, 2019 

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Footnotes

*

Professor, School of Law, Seoul National University. First author.

†

Professor, Graduate School of Public Administration, Seoul National University. Corresponding author.

This article was supported by the Asia-Pacific Law Institute of Seoul National University in 2019. Our thanks to the Centre for Asian Legal Studies (CALS) and the Asian Law Institute (ASLI) at the National University of Singapore (NUS) for supporting my participation at the conferences entitled ‘The State of Comparative Law in Asia’ and ‘Teaching Comparative Law in Asia’ on 27 and 28 September 2017 which led to this article and this Special Issue.

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22. Jury Act, art 5(2).

23. ibid art 46(5).

24. The Constitution of the Republic of Korea 1987, art 27(1) gives one the right to be tried by a judge.

25. Jury Act, art 5(1).

26. ibid art 13(1).

27. Each party may exercise peremptory challenges five times when nine jurors are selected, four when seven jurors are selected, and three when five jurors are selected: ibid art 30(1).

28. ibid art 41(1).

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30. ibid art 58.

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34. ibid.

35. ibid art 46(4).

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37. Jury Act, art 46(4).

38. Han (n 6) 686.

39. Saiban-in Act, arts 2(i) and 2(ii).

40. Inouye (n 16) 450.

41. Saiban-in Act, art 2(2).

42. ibid art 36.

43. ibid art 6.

44. ibid art 67(1).

45. Goto (n 19) 118.

46. Saiban-in Act, art 9(2).

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52. Committee on Judicial Development (n 48) 37.

53. National Court Administration (n 51) 25.

54. ibid 26.

55. Committee on Judicial Development (n 48) 10.

56. ibid 8.

57. It has been observed the sentencing gap between the judge and the jury narrows during the course of sentencing deliberation. ibid 30.

58. Committee on Judicial Development (n 48) 56.

59. Lee, Jae-Hyup and others, ‘What's Happening in the Jury Room? – Analyzing Shadow Jury Deliberations in Korea’ (2013) 13 Journal of Korean Law 41, 54Google Scholar.

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64. See In Sup Han and Sang Hoon Han, ‘Gukminui sabeopchamyeo (국민의 사법참여) [Civil Participation in Judicial Decision-making]’ (Gyeonginmunhwasa (경인문화사) 2010).

65. Joongang Ilbo, ‘Gukminchamyeojaepan, pihaeja beopjeong seomyeon baesimweondeuli… (국민참여재판, 피해자 법정 서면 배심원들이…) [Participatory Trial, When the Victim Stands on the Trial, the Juries…]’ JoongAng Ilbo (Seoul, 7 September 2012) <https://news.joins.com/article/9260810> accessed 4 February 2019.

66. ibid.

67. Jury Act, art 55.

68. Lee, Dong-Hee, ‘Gukminchamyeojaepanui seonggwawa gwaje (국민참여재판의 성과와 과제) [The Achievements and Challenges of the Citizen Participatory Trial in Korea]’ (2015) 146 Jeostis (저스티스) [Justice] 69, 71Google Scholar.

69. ibid.

70. ibid.

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73. National Court Administration (n 51) 25.

74. Goto (n 19) 119.

75. Goto (n 19) 118.

76. Foote (n 21) 774.

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78. ibid.

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84. Ota, ‘People's Attitude Toward Lay Judge System in Japan’ (n 72) 13.

85. Kinoshita Manako, ‘Ippanjin kara mita saiban'inseido ─ dōnyū mae to dōnyūgo no hikaku (一般人から見た裁判員制度─導入前と導入後の比較) [The Saiban-in System as Seen by Ordinary People: A Pre- and Post-Introduction Comparison]’ in Matsumura, Manako and Ota (n 79) 45, 62.

86. ibid 33.

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108. ibid 14, 16.

109. Lee and others (n 59) 67.

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116. A sample juror's guide can be found in Hans, Valerie P, ‘Reflections on the Korean Jury Trial’ (2014) 14 Journal of Korean Law 81, 99–115Google Scholar.

117. ibid 85.

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125. Shozo Ota, ‘Hyōgi no arikata ni tsuite (評議の在り方について) [Desirable Attitude of Deliberation]’ in Matsumura, Manako and Ota (n 79) 81, 85–87.

126. ibid.

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132. Croydon (n 10) 9–11.

133. Lee and others (n 59) 44.

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