² Huxley, G. L., ‘Small finds from deposits’, in Kythera, 205–19Google Scholar.

³ For further information on the Kythera Island Project, visit www.ucl.ac.uk/kip, where all publications by the project are listed.

⁴ Επεξηγηματικὸν τεῦχος τοῦ μεταλλογενετικοῦ χάρτου Ελλάδος (Athens, 1973), 177Google Scholar; Εύρετήριον (Athens, 1971), 79Google Scholar.

⁵ Sakellarakis, J. A., ‘Minoan religious influence in the Aegean: the case of Kythera’, BSA 91 (1996), 84–6, 90Google Scholar, pl. 24 b.

⁶ Huxley, G. L., ‘The history and topography of ancient Kythera’, in Kythera, 34, 37–9Google Scholar; Herrin, J., ‘Byzantine Kythera’, in Kythera, 42–5Google Scholar.

⁷ We are grateful to Cemal Pulak for sharing his expert knowledge of the Uluburun ingots with us; for a detailed preliminary report, see Pulak, C., ‘The copper and tin ingots from the Late Bronze Age shipwreck at Uluburun’, in Yalçin, Ü. (ed.), Anatolian Metal I (Der Anschnitt, Beiheft 13; Bochum, 2000), 137–57Google Scholar. For the Cape Gelidonya finds, see Bass, G. F., Cape Gelidonya: A Bronze Age Shipwreck (Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 57/8, Philadelphia, 1967), 52–7Google Scholar.

⁸ None of the intact Second Palace period ingots has yet been fully published; the well-known examples from Ayia Triada and Zakros appear from illustrations and visual inspection to be rather thicker than the later ingots, and some confirmation of this observation comes from the measurements of a few fragments of oxhide ingots from the Artisans' Quarter at Mochlos, see Soles, J. S. and Stos-Gale, Z. A., ‘The metal finds and their geological sources’, in Soles, J. S. et al. , Mochlos I C. Period III. Neopalatial Settlement on the Coast; The Artisans' Quarter and the Farmhouse at Chalinomouri: The Small Finds (Prehistory Monographs, 9; Philadelphia, 2004), 46–7Google Scholar.

⁹ The existence of the soft pit within an area delineated at a higher level by two limestone blocks is noted in the unpublished excavation notebooks held in the archive of the British School at Athens; it is also implicit in the description in the final publication, and visible in one published illustration; see Simpson, R. Hope and Lazenby, J. F., ‘The Akroterion excavations’, in Kythera, 59Google Scholar, pl. 11 b. The unpublished notebooks leave no doubt that the pottery in Level 19 was exclusively MM III–LM I A in date, and that it at least in part derived from the surrounding midden.

¹⁰ See Hope Simpson and Lazenby (n. 9). The unpublished notebooks fully bear this out; one of the two excavation units into which Level 18 was divided contained mainly LM I A pottery, with some MM III but no LM I B, whilst the second was very similar in composition save for the one or two LM I B sherds.

¹¹ Coldstream, J. N., ‘Deposits of pottery from the settlement’, in Kythera, 123–4Google Scholar.

¹² Of the other Second Palace period examples, the most rigorously dated are the recently discovered pieces from Mochlos. These include the LM I B fragments from the Artisans' Quarter, for which see Soles and Stos-Gale (n. 8), plus Barnard, K. A. and Brogan, T. M., Mochlos I B. Period III: Neopalatial Settlement on the Coast; The Artisans' Quarter and the Farmhouse at Chalinomouri: The Neopalatial Pottery (Prehistory Monographs, 8; Philadelphia, 2003)Google Scholar, and the spectacular new LM I B finds from the island settlement itself, for which see Soles, J. S., ‘The 2004 Greek-American excavations at Mochlos’, Kentro, 7 (2004), 2–4Google Scholar. The major caches of ingots at Ayia Triada and Zakros are variously dated in the literature to, respectively, MM III–LM I A or LM I B, and LM I A–B; e.g., Gale, N. H. and Stos-Gale, Z. A., ‘Oxhide ingots in Crete and Cyprus and the Bronze Age metals trade’, BSA 81 (1986), 81–100Google Scholar; see also N. H. Gale, ‘Copper oxhide ingots: their origin and their place in the Bronze Age metals trade’, in id. (ed.), Bronze Age Trade in the Mediterranean (SIMA 90; Jonsered, 1991), 197–239, where the Ayia Triada ingots are variously dated to LM I A (199), possibly LM I B, along with the Zakros and Gournia examples (204), and LM I B though possibly LM I A, along with those from Tylissos (224). In fact, the context of the Ayia Triada ingots can be dated to LM I B with reasonable confidence (Militello, pers. comm.; see Puglisi, D., ‘Haghia Triada nel periodo Tardo Minoico I’, Creta Antica, 3 (2002), 145–98Google Scholar) and the discovery of the Zakros ingots in the destruction horizon of the palace should ensure an LM I B date here too (see Platon, L., ‘The political and cultural influence of the Zakros palace on nearby sites and in a wider context’, in Driessen, J., Schoep, I., and Laffineur, R. (eds.) Monuments of Minos: Rethinking the Minoan Palaces (Aegaeum, 23; Liège and Austin, 2002), 145–56Google Scholar). Of the other Cretan findspots, the Tylissos examples and possibly Gournia fragment seem to belong in the Second Palace period, but no precise date can be offered, the Khania, Kommos, and probably (on typological grounds) Kato Syme finds are Third Palace (LM III A–B) in date, a LM III C date has been established for a new find at Ayia Triada, and there seems little hope of refining the date of pieces from early excavations at Knossos and Palaikastro; elsewhere in the Aegean, the better-dated of two pieces from Ayia Irini on Kea comes from Period VII (LM I B), those from Mycenae and Emborio date to Late Helladic III B–C and III C respectively, and the Kyme underwater finds cannot be dated with any precision; see Gale op. cit. 200 fig. 2, 202, 226–7, and Cucuzza, N., ‘Il mezzo lingotto oxhide da Haghia Triada’, Creta Antica, 5 (2004), 137–53Google Scholar for the new Ayia Triada find.

¹³ Coldstream (n. 11), 159–65; Huxley, G. L. and Coldstream, J. N., ‘Trial excavations near Kastri’, in Kythera, 73Google Scholar.

¹⁴ Huxley (n. 2), 206–7.

¹⁵ Ibid. 207.

¹⁶ Philip, G. and Rehren, Th., ‘Fourth millennium BC silver from Tell esh-Shuna, Jordan: archaeometallurgical investigation and some thoughts on ceramic skeuomorphs’, OJA 15 (1996), 129–50Google Scholar, and Rehren, Th., Hess, K., and Philip, G., ‘Auriferous silver in western Asia: ore or alloy?’, Historical Metallurgy, 30 (1996), 1–10Google Scholar.

¹⁷ Most recently Hauptmann, A., Maddin, R., and Prange, M., ‘On the structure and composition of copper and tin ingots excavated from the shipwreck of Uluburun’, BASOR 328 (2002), 1–30Google Scholar.

¹⁸ Salter, C., ‘The identification of calcium ferrite slag in Bronze Age copper smelting’, poster presented at the conference Metallurgy: A Touchstone for Cross-Cultural Interaction, British Museum, April 2005Google Scholar.

¹⁹ Hauptmann, A., Rehren, Th., and Schmitt-Strecker, S., ‘Early Bronze Age copper metallurgy at Shahr-i Sokhta (Iran), reconsidered’, in Stoellner, Th., Körlin, G., Steffens, G., and Cierny, J. (eds.), Man and Mining (Der Anschnitt, Beiheft 16; Bochum, 2003), 197–213Google Scholar.

²⁰ Muhly, J. D., Maddin, R., Stech, T., and Özgen, E., ‘Iron in Anatolia and the nature of the Hittite iron industry’, Anatolian Studies, 35 (1985), 67–84CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

²¹ Keesmann, I., ‘Eisen in antiken Schlacken des südwestiberischen Sulfiderz-Gürtels’, Pallas, 50 (1999), 339–60CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Rehren, Th., Schneider, J., and Bartels, C., ‘Medieval lead–silver smelting in the Siegerland, West Germany’, Historical Metallurgy, 33 (1999), 73–84Google Scholar.

²² Hauptmann et al. (n. 19).

²³ Gale (n. 12), 201.

²⁴ On the rural farmsteads of Second Palace period Kythera, see Bevan, A., ‘The rural landscape of Neopalatial Kythera: A GIS perspective’, Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology, 15 (2002), 217–56Google Scholar, and Broodbank, C., ‘Minoanisation’, PCPS 50 (2004)Google Scholar, fig. 3. The ground stone from the KIP survey is currently being studied by Tania Gerousi.

²⁵ Sakellarakis (n. 5), 90; for lithic material also Banou, A., Τα λιθινά αντικείμενα από το μινωικό ιερό κορυφής στον Αϊ Γιωργη στο Βουνό Κυθήρων Πεπραγμένα του Η Διεθνούς Κρητολογικού Συνεδρίου Ηράκλειο, 9–14 Σεπτεμβρίου 1996, A2 (Iraklio, 2000), 383–94Google Scholar; ead., Τα Κύθηρα αναμεσά στη Μινωική Κρήτη και τη Μυκηναϊκή Πελοπόνησο τα Μικροαντικέμενα από το Μινωικό ιερό κορυφής στον Αϊ Γιωργη στο Βουνό, in Glykophrydi-Leontsini, A. (ed.) Kythera: Myth and Reality: 1st International Conference of Kytherian Studies, 20–24 September 2000, i (Kythera, 2003), 69–75Google Scholar.

²⁶ The KIP survey data are being studied by Myrto Georgakopoulou. Paliokastro is currently under excavation; see Petrocheilos, I., Τα Κύθηρα από την προϊστορική εποχή ως τη Ρωμαιοκράτεια (Dodoni, 21; Ioannina, 1984), 64–77Google Scholar; id., Αρχαίο ιερό στο Παλαιόκαστρο, in A. Glykophrydi-Leontsini (ed.) (n. 25), 77–90.