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The Palace of Knossos

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 October 2013

Extract

The fifth campaign on the Palace Site of Knossos had a twofold objective:—(I) The continued exploration of the Palace itself, with the special object of ascertaining its original elements, on which the Cists and Repositories found in 1903 had already thrown so much light; (2) the further investigation of dependencies lying beyond what may be called the inner enceinte. In addition to this, the discovery of an extensive Minoan Cemetery and of a Royal Tomb went greatly to swell the volume of the year's excavation.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 1904

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References

page 4 note 1 It will also be published (B. Quaritch) in a separate form as ‘The Minoan Tombs of Knossos.’

page 6 note 1 J.H.S. xxiii. (1903), pp. 179 sqq.

page 8 note 1 Knossos: Report, 1902 (B.S.A. viii. p. 87 seqq. and p. 90, Fig. 51).

page 10 note 1 Knossos: Report, 1902 (B.S.A. viii. pp. 10, 11).

page 10 note 2 Knossos: Report, 1903 (B.S.A. ix. pp. 26, 27).

page 10 note 3 Knossos: Report, 1903 (B.S.A. ix. p. 118, Fig. 73c pp. 119, 120). The ‘foreign’ vessel found by Professor Petrie in an Early Dynastic tomb at Abydos, takes the history of this ‘trickle’ ornament still further back (see op. cit. p. 120).

page 10 note 4 Knossos: Report, 1903 (B.S.A. ix. p. 27).

page 13 note 1 The note in my last Report (p. 21) on the character of the earliest culture revealed by the Later Palace contains a serious printer's error. In lines 5 and 6, for ‘immediately below’ read ‘immediately above the original floors of the First Palace.’ The terminology used in the final paragraph also requires revision in view of the more elaborate stratification now before us. For Middle Minoan I. and II. read Middle Minoan II. and III.

page 14 note 1 About 25 centimetres above this floor-level and between it and that of the rooms above (Middle Minoan III.) were remains of some intermediate walls of no importance.

page 16 note 1 Notably in the case of the earlier rooms beneath that of the Olive Press and of the ‘Kamáres’ Magazines of the South-East Palace Quarter.

page 16 note 2 Traces occurred of a somewhat higher floor, still of the same polychrome period, 25 centimetres above that with the well-preserved vases. Independent again of this and immediately superimposed on it was a wall-system consisting of a room with a doorway. Both these walls, the foundations of which lay at a depth cf 1·50 metre below the pavement of the West Court, and the intervening floor were alike anterior to the rooms of the Third Middle Minoan Period described in the preceding section. The floors of these latter lay 50 centimetres higher up and had no relation to any part of the lower systems.

page 18 note 1 p shows designs like double axes. The ‘asterisks’ on f are typical of some of the lustrous ‘egg-shell’ cups from the North-East quarter. h is shown on a larger scale in Fig. 5. It is a fine example of the ‘egg-shell’ fabric. b with the crocus-like designs seems to belong to the Third Middle Minoan Period: a small proportion of later elements was included in this deposit. Mixed in almost equal proportions with the pottery from this pit representing the mature polychrome decoration on a dark ground, there was brought out—as from the contemporary floor-level of the West Court—an abundance of fragments with dark designs, generally of a simpler style on a buff ground. Together with these, moreover, was another well-marked class displaying, on the same buff ground, white or white-bordered patterns.

page 20 note 1 Dr. Mackenzie notes as an interesting feature of this floor that ‘it is seen in section to ascend in a step up North.’ The North connexions, however, as yet remain unexcavated.

page 20 note 2 Knossos: Report, 1903 (B.S.A. ix. pp. 94–98).

page 20 note 3 Knossos: Report, 1903 (B.S.A. ix. pp. 17–19).

page 22 note 1 See Mackenzie, , ‘The Pottery of Knossos’ (J.H.S. xxii. p. 160Google Scholar and Pl. IV. Figs. 6–14).

page 23 note 1 W. M. Flinders Petrie, Abydos, Part II. p. 38, and Pl. XLII. Figs. 20–36.

page 24 note 1 See Report: Knossos, 1903 (B.S. A. ix. p. 98, Fig. 67).

page 25 note 1 For a general summary of results, as regards the Neolithic pottery, see DrMackenzie's, article in J.H.S. xxiii, pp. 158162.Google Scholar

page 27 note 1 See Report, 1900, pp. 30, 31.

page 28 note 1 Knossos: Report, 1901 (B.S.A. vii., p. 28 seq.).

page 29 note 1 Dr. Mackenzie is of opinion that certain remains of wall foundation, extending North in a direct line from the point where the old façade breaks off, are to be regarded as supplying a definite trace of its further continuation for a distance of 2·75 metres.

page 30 note 1 These lining slabs were at first mistakenly regarded by us as the outside lining of a thick wall, represented by the later filling in between them, necessitated by the structures above.

page 33 note 1 See Report, 1900, p. 35, Fig. 7.

page 34 note 1 This curved wall rests on a rough limestone plinth which seems to have been originally intended to be invisible. Owing to the lowering of the pavement of the inner ‘Corridor of the Stone Basin’ this plinth came into view, and, as it presented an incongruous appearance, was, as Dr. Mackenzie observes, cut back to the same plane as the gypsum blocks and masked with a stucco coating which also extended over the original gypsum facing.

page 37 note 1 The wall itself was 35 centimetres thick, and the gypsum door-jambs that appear in the middle of it were 98 centimetres apart. The door was controlled from the Southern side.

It will be seen that this barrier shut off the greater part of the Long Gallery and the Magazines from the Fourth onwards from the southernmost section of the Gallery and the three first Magazines. That the wall was later than the Magazines in their earliest form is shown by the fact that it was built over the Southern reveal of the anta between Magazines 3 and 4, against which it is set.

page 39 note 1 Report: Knossos, 1903, Pl. I.

page 39 note 2 Report: Knossos, 1901, p. 54 seqq.

page 43 note 1 B.S.A. viii (1901–2), p. 299, Pl. xviii.

page 43 note 2 B.S.A. vi. p. 100.

page 44 note 1 One of these is given in Knossos: Report, 1901, p. 53. Other fragments from this area are given by DrMackenzie, , ‘The Pottery of Knossos,’ J.H.S. xxiii, p. 204.Google Scholar A miniature shrine is seen at the foot of one of these Axes.

page 44 note 2 Knossos: Report, 1903, pp. 114, 115.

page 45 note 1 See Knossos: Report, 1903, p. 29.

page 49 note 1 The depth of this paving was 4·55 from the surface. Owing to the rise of the hill, however, it was at a higher level than the last part of the paving of the preceding section.

page 59 note 1 Iliad iv. 105, seqq.

page 59 note 2 Knossos: Report, 1901, p. 44, Fig. 13 (B.S.A. vii.).

page 59 note 3 Annali, 1880, p. 213, seqq. Tav. d' Agg. T.: Anfänge der Kunst, p. 168, 169, Fig. 65.

page 61 note 1 Tsountas and Manatt, The Mycenaean Age, p. 206, Figs. 92, 93.

page 62 note 1 Dr. Mackenzie notes of this cement flooring that its foundation was of clay and sand. Above this was laid a layer of grey tough earth such as is now used in Crete for roofs. Then came a layer of potter's red earth, over which was laid the floor layer of fine white ‘stucco’ cement, impregnated with very small river pebbles, and smoothed away to a fine surface.