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IRON AGE MORTUARY PRACTICES AND MATERIAL CULTURE AT THE INLAND CEMETERY OF TSIKALARIO ON NAXOS: DIFFERENTIATION AND CONNECTIVITY
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 January 2019
Abstract
Naxos, the largest of the Cycladic islands, offers a nuanced insight into Iron Age funerary behaviour in the Cyclades and relations between social groups as reflected in the archaeological record. The focus of this paper is the cemetery of Tsikalario in the hinterland of the island, with emphasis on two burial contexts which exhibit a range of activities related to funerary ceremonies and the consumption of grave-offerings. The grave-tumuli found in the Tsikalario cemetery comprise a mortuary ‘phenomenon’ not found otherwise on Naxos during the Early Iron Age. Such a differentiation in mortuary practice can be interpreted as a strategy used by the people of inland Naxos to distinguish their funerary habits from the more typical Naxian practices of, for example, the inhabitants of the coastal Naxos harbour town. This distinctive funerary practice can speak in favour of an attempt by the kinship group(s) that buried their deceased in the cemetery of Tsikalario to articulate status and identity. Beyond these tumuli, evidence from a different type of grave context at Tsikalario – Cist Grave 11 and its vicinity (Burial Context 11) – offers an additional example of a well-thought-out staging of funerary beliefs in the inland region of Naxos. Not only does it illustrate the coexistence of other types of burials in the cemetery, but, alongside the tumuli and their finds, it also demonstrates, through the symbolic package of the grave-offerings and the multifaceted network of interactions they reveal, that inland Naxos participated in the intra- and supra-island circulation of wares and ideas.
Ταφικές πρακτικές και υλικός πολιτισμός στο αρχαίο νεκροταφείο του Τσικαλαριού στην ενδοχώρα της Νάξου την Εποχή του Σιδήρου: διαφοροποίηση και συνδεσιμότητα
H Νάξος, το μεγαλύτερο από τα νησιά των Κυκλάδων, προσφέρει μια εμβριθή εικόνα της κυκλαδίτικης ταφικής συμπεριφοράς κατά την Εποχή του Σιδήρου και των σχέσεων μεταξύ κοινωνικών ομάδων όπως αυτές αντικατοπτρίζονται στα αρχαιολογικά ευρήματα. Το παρόν άρθρο επικεντρώνεται στο νεκροταφείο του Τσικαλαριού στην ενδοχώρα της Νάξου με έμφαση σε δύο σύνολα που καταδεικνύουν ένα εύρος ταφικών τελετών και χρήσης των κτερισμάτων. Οι τύμβοι στο νεκροταφείο του Τσικαλαριού αποτελούν ένα ταφικό “φαινόμενο” που δεν απαντάται ξανά στη Νάξο κατά την Πρώιμη Εποχή Σιδήρου. Μια τέτοια διαφοροποίηση στις ταφικές πρακτικές φαίνεται ότι αποτελεί μία πρακτική διάκρισης στην ενδοχώρα της Νάξου για να ξεχωρίσουν από τις ταφικές συνήθειες που χρησιμοποιούνταν συνηθέστερα στο νησί, όπως αυτές των κατοίκων της παράκτιας πόλης της Νάξου. Αυτή η ξεχωριστή ταφική πρακτική υποδηλώνει πιθανόν μια προσπάθεια να δηλωθεί εμφατικά η κοινωνική ταυτότητα των ομάδων συγγένειας που τάφηκαν στο νεκροταφείο του Τσικαλαριού. Πέρα από τους τύμβους, το σύνολο του Κιβωτιόσχημου Τάφου 11 και τα ευρήματα σε γειτνίαση με τον τάφο (Ταφικό Σύνολο 11), δεν τεκμηριώνει μόνο την συνύπαρξη άλλων τύπων ταφών στο νεκροταφείο. Μέσω της συμβολικής διάστασης των κτερισμάτων του και του πολύπλευρου δικτύου αλληλεπιδράσεων που επιδεικνύουν, υποδηλώνει, όπως οι τύμβοι και τα ευρήματα σε αυτούς, ότι η ενδοχώρα της Νάξου συμμετείχε στη διακίνηση αγαθών και ιδεών εντός του νησιού και πέρα από τα όρια αυτού.
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