Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-dfsvx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-27T03:08:18.356Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

I.—Excavations At Sparta, 1907: § 7.—The Hieron of Athena Chalkioikos

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 October 2013

Extract

Suidas, under the heading Χαλκίοικος explains as follows: ‘The Athena in Sparta; either because she has a brazen house; or on account of her (its?) stability; or because it was founded by Chalcidian exiles from Euboea.’ Hesychius adds as synonyms Χαλκηδάνη, Χαλκίναος In Euripides we find Χαλκόπυλος as an epithet of the goddess. These variants are in themselves sufficient to contradict Suidas' two alternatives. The noteworthy feature about the sanctuary was its bronze decoration, and thus the name is descriptive of the sanctuary rather than of the goddess. It is not a cult-name, and represents no religious aspect of the goddess; in fact there is good reason to suppose that it is not even the original name of the sanctuary that crowned the Acropolis of Sparta, but one acquired at a subsequent restoration.

Type
Laconia
Copyright
Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 1907

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

page 137 note 1 Lexicon, sub voce.

page 137 note 2 Ibid.

page 137 note 3 Troades, 1112, and schol.; also schol. ad Hel. 228, 245.

page 137 note 4 i. 134.

page 137 note 5 I.G.A. 79; S.M.C. 440 and pp. 175 ff. infra.

page 137 note 6 iii. 17. 2. The epithet Χαλκίοικος seems to have been at first variable (cf. the references to Euripides and Aristoph. Lysistrata, 1300, 1320), and only subsequently to have been definitely adopted.

page 138 note 1 Cf. an inscription (S.M.C. 544) referring to separate priesthoods.

page 138 note 2 iii. 17. 2.

page 138 note 3 iv. 14. 2; iii. 18. 8.

page 138 note 4 Loewy, I.G.B. p. 22, No. 27.

page 138 note 5 Walz, , Heidelb. Jahrb. 1845, p. 397 Google Scholar; Schorn, Studien der gr. Künstler, p. 195; Thiersch, , Epochen der bild. Kunst, ii. p. 33 Google Scholar; Sillig, Cat. Artificum; Hirt, Böttiger's Amalthea, 1. 261; Müller, Aeginet. 101.

page 138 note 6 Welcker, , Kl. Schrift. 1833, iii. 533 Google Scholar; Bursian, , Jahrb. f. Phil, lxxiii. 513.Google Scholar

page 138 note 7 Schubart, , Zeitschr. f. Alt. Wiss. 1845, 2.Google Scholar

page 138 note 8 Brunn, , Gesch. der gr. Künstler, i. 87.Google Scholar

page 138 note 9 xii. 10. 7. Cf. also Paus. vii. 18. 10, where he is coupled with Kanachos, and ii. 32. 5, where he is called a pupil of Tektaios and Angeiion.

page 139 note 1 Collignon, , Hist. Sculpt. grec. i. 228 Google Scholar, and Overbeck, , Gesch. d. griech. Sculpt, i. 71 Google Scholar, are both inclined to favour a mid-sixth century date for Gitiadas, and to connect him with Bathykles and the orientalists. It certainly seems much more probable that the tripods were made by Gitiadas after the Second Messenian War, and the Chalkioikos built afterwards in the beginning of the sixth century. In that case Kallon's tripod was added later.

page 139 note 2 Num. Comm. Paus. p. 58, Pl. N 13.

page 139 note 3 Hist. Gr. Sculpt. 2 i. 38, 88.

page 139 note 4 Op. cit. p. 228.

page 139 note 5 B.S.A. xii. p. 323, Fig. 3 a and c.

page 140 note 1 Perrot, and Chipiez, , Hist. de l'Art, ii. 620 Google Scholar, Pl. XII. Fig. 307.

page 140 note 2 Paus. (x. 5. 11) mentions other bronze-covered buildings in Greece: the chamber of Akrisios, and the third temple of Delphi. He also speaks of two bronze chambers at Olympia (vi. 19. 2).

page 140 note 3 loc. cit. supra.

page 140 note 4 Ibid.

page 140 note 5 Other references are to be found in Polyaenus, viii. 51; Plut. Parall. 10; Diod. xi. 45; Aelian, , V.H. 9. 41 Google Scholar; Corn. Nep. Paus. iv. 5; Chrysermus Corinthius, Persica ii.

page 140 note 6 Plut Agis, 16.

page 140 note 7 Plut. Apoph. Lac. Archid. 6.

page 140 note 8 Ibid. Ages. 8.

page 140 note 9 Polyb. iv. 22, 35; Livy xxxv. 36.

page 140 note 10 I.G.A. 79; cf. also p. 179.

page 140 note 11 iii. 17. 2.

page 140 note 12 S.M.C. 440, 217 B; B.S.A. xii. p. 442.

page 140 note 13 Cf. infra, p. 145.

page 141 note 1 Plut. Lyc. 5; Apoph. Lac. Lyc. 7; Parall. 10.

page 141 note 2 Paus. iv. 15. 5; Polyaenus, ii. 31. 3.

page 141 note 3 Other references are collected in Frazer, Pausanias, note ad loc.

page 141 note 4 Two Doric capitals were found, one in the excavation and one built into a Byzantine wall, but their connection with the οἴκημα of the sanctuary is uncertain.

page 141 note 5 loc. cit.

page 141 note 6 Arnold, Thucydides, ad loc.

page 141 note 7 ii. 112. 3; iv. 161. 4; vi. 79.

page 141 note 8 Paus. iv. 15. 2, story of Aristomenes; Plut. Parall. 10.

page 141 note 9 In the passage from the Parallela quoted above, there is an erroneous use of τέμενος

page 142 note 1 Plut. Apoph. Lac. Ages. 8.

page 142 note 2 Cf. Paus. iii. 17. 2 and Plut. Apoph. Lac. Lycurg. 7, ἱδρύσατο ἐν τψ̑ τη̑ς χ· τεμένει ἱερὸν ᾿Αθηνα̑ς, ᾿Οπτιλλέτιν προσαγορεύσας.

page 142 note 3 e. g. Polyaen. ii. 15.

page 145 note 1 Cf. pp. 29–34, 37, 40.

page 145 note 2 Cf. p. 17.

page 147 note 1 Thuc. v. 70; Aristot. in Gell. i. 11. 19; Plut. de Musis, 1140c, Inst. Lac. 238 B, Lycurgus 21; Dio Chrys. xxxii. 380 M; Polyaenus, i. 10; Lucian, de Salt. 10; schol. ad Pind. P. ii. 127; Cic. Tusc. ii. 16. 37; Val. Max. ii. 6. 2.

page 147 note 2 There are several trumpeters on r.-f. Attic vases of this date.

page 147 note 3 Cat. of Bronzes, No. 223.

page 148 note 1 ᾿Εφ. ᾿Αρχ· 1888, Pl. 6.

page 150 note 1 E. Gardner, Handbook, p. 112, Fig. 11.

page 152 note 1 J.H.S. ix. 1888, p. 222, a fragment found in the temple of Aphrodite at Paphos; B.S.A. 1896–7, p. 193, fragments at Eleusis, ; Fouilles de Delphes, v. part 2, p. 158 Google Scholar, Figs. 655, 656, small fragments at Delphi. The fragments found on the Acropolis at Athens were probably dedications also.

page 152 note 2 Catalogue of Vases, Vol. ii. pp. 99, 100.