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Ultrasonographic measurements of localized fat accumulation in Shetland pony mares fed a normal v. a high energy diet for 2 years

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 December 2017

E. W. Siegers ,
M. de Ruijter-Villani ,
D. A. van Doorn ,
T. A. E. Stout  and
E. Roelfsema
E. W. Siegers*
Affiliation:
Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
M. de Ruijter-Villani
Affiliation:
Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
D. A. van Doorn
Affiliation:
Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands Division of Nutrition, Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL, The Netherlands
T. A. E. Stout
Affiliation:
Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
E. Roelfsema
Affiliation:
Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
*
†E-mail: e.w.siegers@uu.nl
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Abstract

Health risks associated with obesity are more likely a factor of the localization of fat excess, rather than of elevated BW per se. The aim of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to determine the effect of a long-term high energy diet on BW, fat accumulation and localization. Eight Shetland pony mares, 3 to 7 years old, were randomly divided into a control and a high energy (HE) diet group fed either maintenance or double maintenance energy requirements (200% net energy (NE)) for two consecutive summers, with a low energy diet in the winter in between. Body condition score (BCS) did not differ between the groups at the onset of the study (control 5.6±0.75 v. HE 6.3±0.5). From 12 weeks after starting the diet, ultrasonography of five different locations (retroperitoneal, axillary, withers, intercostal and rump) for adipose deposition, BCS and BW were measured monthly during the period that ponies received different diets. Statistical analysis was performed using a linear mixed-effects model with post hoc Bonferroni testing. P values <0.05 were considered significant. At week 12 after the onset of the diet, fat thickness in the HE group was significantly greater than in the control group. During the monitoring period, the HE group showed a significant increase in mean (±SE) BW (+52%, 265±13.94kg) and BCS (+70%; to 9.0±0.4), while the control group was unchanged (BW 160±13.98 kg; BCS 3.8±0.4). At all locations, the fat depth in the HE group increased significantly, with the highest increase noted for retroperitoneal deposits. The conclusions were that a 200% NE diet induced subcutaneous and retroperitoneal fat accumulation, with the greatest increase in intra-abdominal deposits. The moderate increase of the subcutaneous fat depth followed by a plateau phase suggests the existence of a limit of adipose tissue expandability, as in man.

Keywords

adipose tissueobesityhorseequine metabolic syndromeintra-abdominal fat
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 12 , Issue 8 , August 2018 , pp. 1602 - 1610
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2017 

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