Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-2xdlg Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-21T00:51:33.707Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Feeding corn grain steeped in citric acid modulates rumen fermentation and inflammatory responses in dairy goats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 June 2018

Y. Z. Shen ,
L. Y. Ding ,
L. M. Chen ,
J. H. Xu ,
R. Zhao ,
W. Z. Yang ,
H. R. Wang Open the ORCID record for H. R. Wang [Opens in a new window]  and
M. Z. Wang
Y. Z. Shen
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
L. Y. Ding
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
L. M. Chen
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
J. H. Xu
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
R. Zhao
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
W. Z. Yang
Affiliation:
Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
H. R. Wang*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
M. Z. Wang
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, P.R. China
*
†E-mail: hrwang@yzu.edu.cn
Get access

Abstract

Cereal grains treated with organic acids were proved to increase ruminal resistant starch and can relieve the risk of ruminal acidosis. However, previous study mainly focussed on acid-treated barley, the effects of organic acid-treated corn is still unknown. The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether feeding ground corn steeped in citric acid (CA) would affect ruminal pH and fermentation patterns, milk production and innate immunity responses in dairy goats. Eight ruminally cannulated Saanen dairy goats were used in a crossover designed experiment. Each experimental period was 21 day long including 14 days for adaption to new diet and 7 days for sampling and data collection. The goats were fed high-grain diet contained 30% hay and 70% corn-based concentrate. The corn was steeped either in water (control) or in 0.5% (wt/vol) CA solution for 48 h. Goats fed CA diet showed improved ruminal pH status with greater mean and minimum ruminal pH, and shorter (P<0.05) duration of ruminal pH<5.6 and less area of ruminal pH<5.6, 5.8 and 6.0. Concentration of total volatile fatty acid and molar proportion of propionate were less but the molar proportion of acetate was greater (P<0.05) in goats fed the CA diet than the control diet. Concentration of ruminal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was lower (P<0.05) and that of lactic acid also tended (P<0.10) to be lower in goats fed CA than the control. Although dry matter intake, actual milk yield, yield and content of milk protein and lactose were not affected, the milk fat content and 4% fat-corrected milk tended (P<0.10) to be greater in goats fed CA diet. For the inflammatory responses, peripheral LPS did not differ, whereas the concentration of LPS binding protein and serum amyloid A tended (P<0.10) to be less in goats fed CA diet. Similarly, goats fed CA diet had less (P<0.05) concentration of haptoglobin and tumour necrosis factor. These results indicated that feeding ground corn treated with CA effectively improved ruminal pH status, thus alleviated the risk of ruminal acidosis, reduced inflammatory response, and tend to improve milk yield and milk fat test.

Keywords

citric acid-treated cornsubacute ruminal acidosisacute phase responsesmilk productionruminal pH
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 13 , Issue 2 , February 2019 , pp. 301 - 308
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Association of Official Analytical Chemists 2005. Official methods for analysis, 18th edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA, USA.Google Scholar
Castillo, C, Benedito, JL, Méndez, J, Pereira, V, Lopez-Alonso, M, Miranda, M and Hernández, J 2004. Organic acids as a substitute for monensin in diets for beef cattle. Animal Feed Science and Technology 115, 101–116.Google Scholar
Ceciliani, F, Ceron, JJ, Eckersall, PD and Sauerwein, H 2012. Acute phase proteins in ruminants. Journal of Proteomics 75, 4207–4231.Google Scholar
Chang, G, Zhang, K, Xu, T, Jin, D, Seyfert, H, Shen, X and Zhuang, S 2015. Feeding a high-grain diet reduces the percentage of LPS clearance and enhances immune gene expression in goat liver. BMC Veterinary Research 11, 1–11.Google Scholar
Harder, H, Khol-Parisini, A, Metzler-Zebeli, BU, Klevenhusen, F and Zebeli, Q 2015a. Treatment of grain with organic acids at 2 different dietary phosphorus levels modulates ruminal microbial community structure and fermentation patterns in vitro. Journal of Dairy Science 98, 8107–8120.Google Scholar
Harder, H, Khol‐Parisini, A and Zebeli, Q 2015b. Treatments with organic acids and pullulanase differently affect resistant starch and fiber composition in flour of various barley genotypes (Hordeum vulgare L.). Starch/Stärke 67, 512–520.Google Scholar
Huo, W, Zhu, W and Mao, S 2013. Effects of feeding increasing proportions of corn grain on concentration of lipopolysaccharide in the rumen fluid and the subsequent alterations in immune responses in goats. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 26, 1437–1445.Google Scholar
Iqbal, S, Zebeli, Q, Mazzolari, A, Bertoni, G, Dunn, SM, Yang, WZ and Ametaj, BN 2009. Feeding barley grain steeped in lactic acid modulates rumen fermentation patterns and increases milk fat content in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 6023–6032.Google Scholar
Iqbal, S, Zebeli, Q, Mazzolari, A, Dunn, SM and Ametaj, BN 2012. Barley grain-based diet treated with lactic acid and heat modulated plasma metabolites and acute phase response in dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science 90, 3143–3152.Google Scholar
Kazemi-Bonchenari, M, Salem, AZM and López, S 2017. Influence of barley grain particle size and treatment with citric acid on digestibility, ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in Holstein calves. Animal 11, 1295–1302.Google Scholar
Khafipour, E, Krause, DO and Plaizier, JC 2009. A grain-based subacute ruminal acidosis challenge causes translocation of lipopolysaccharide and triggers inflammation. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 1060–1070.Google Scholar
Kleen, J, Hooijer, GA, Rehage, J and Noordhuizen, JPTM 2003. Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA): a review. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 50, 406–414.Google Scholar
Klevenhusen, F, Hollmann, M, Podstatzky-Lichtenstein, L, Krametter-Frötscher, R, Aschenbach, JR and Zebeli, Q 2013. Feeding barley grain-rich diets altered electrophysiological properties and permeability of the ruminal wall in a goat model. Journal of Dairy Science 96, 2293–2302.Google Scholar
Li, S, Khafipour, E, Krause, DO, Kroeker, A, Rodriguez-Lecompte, JC, Gozho, GN and Plaizier, JC 2012. Effects of subacute ruminal acidosis challenges on fermentation and endotoxins in the rumen and hindgut of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 95, 294–303.Google Scholar
Liao, L, Liu, TX, Zhao, MM, Cui, C, Yuan, BE, Tang, S and Yang, F 2010. Functional, nutritional and conformational changes from deamidation of wheat gluten with succinic acid and citric acid. Food Chemistry 123, 123–130.Google Scholar
Liu, J, Xu, T, Zhu, W and Mao, S 2014. High-grain feeding alters caecal bacterial microbiota composition and fermentation and results in caecal mucosal injury in goats. British Journal of Nutrition 112, 416–427.Google Scholar
Martin, TR, Mathison, JC, Tobias, PS, Leturcq, DJ, Moriarty, AM, Maunder, RJ and Ulevitch, RJ 1992. Lipopolysaccharide binding protein enhances the responsiveness of alveolar macrophages to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Implications for cytokine production in normal and injured lungs. Journal of Clinical Investigation 90, 2209–2219.Google Scholar
Martínez, TF, Moyano, FJ, Díaz, M, Barroso, FG and Alarcón, FJ 2005. Use of tannic acid to protect barley meal against ruminal degradation. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 85, 1371–1378.Google Scholar
Mei, JQ, Zhou, DN, Jin, ZY, Xu, XM and Chen, HQ 2015. Effects of citric acid esterification on digestibility, structural and physicochemical properties of cassava starch. Food Chemistry 187, 378–384.Google Scholar
Metzler-Zebeli, BU, Schmitz-Esser, S, Klevenhusen, F, Podstatzky-Lichtenstein, L, Wagner, M and Zebeli, Q 2013. Grain-rich diets differently alter ruminal and colonic abundance of microbial populations and lipopolysaccharide in goats. Anaerobe 20, 65–73.Google Scholar
National Research Council (NRC) 2007. Nutrient requirements of small ruminants: sheep, goats, cervids, and new worlds camelids. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Penner, GB, Beauchemin, KA and Mutsvangwa, T 2006. An evaluation of the accuracy and precision of a stand-alone submersible continuous ruminal pH measurement system. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 2132–2140.Google Scholar
Plaizier, JC, Khafipour, E, Li, S, Gozho, GN and Krause, DO 2012. Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA), endotoxins and health consequences. Animal Feed Science and Technology 172, 9–21.Google Scholar
Plaizier, JC, Krause, DO, Gozho, GN and McBride, BW 2008. Subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows: The physiological causes, incidence and consequences. The Veterinary Journal 176, 21–31.Google Scholar
Plaizier, JC, Li, S, Le Sciellour, M, Schurmann, BL, Górka, P and Penner, GB 2014. Effects of duration of moderate increases in grain feeding on endotoxins in the digestive tract and acute phase proteins in peripheral blood of yearling calves. Journal of Dairy Science 97, 7076–7084.Google Scholar
Qiu, C, Sun, W, Cui, C and Zhao, M 2013. Effect of citric acid deamidation on in vitro digestibility and antioxidant properties of wheat gluten. Food Chemistry 141, 2772–2778.Google Scholar
Rooney, LW and Pflugfelder, RL 1986. Factors affecting starch digestibility with special emphasis on sorghum and corn. Journal of Animal Science 63, 1607–1623.Google Scholar
Russell, JB and Van Soest, PJ 1984. In vitro ruminal fermentation of organic acids common in forage. Applied Environtial Microbiology 47, 155–159.Google Scholar
Shin, SI, Lee, CJ, Kim, DI, Lee, HA, Cheong, JJ, Chung, KM, Baik, MY, Park, CS, Kim, CH and Moon, TW 2007. Formation, characterization, and glucose response in mice to rice starch with low digestibility produced by citric acid treatment. Journal Cereal Science 45, 24–33.Google Scholar
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB and Lewis, BA 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.Google Scholar
Vaure, C and Liu, Y 2014. A comparative review of toll-like receptor 4 expression and functionality in different animal species. Frontiers in Immunology 5, 316.Google Scholar
Xie, X and Liu, Q 2004. Development of new resistant starch-citrate starch as a functional food ingredient. Starch-Starke 56, 364–370.Google Scholar