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Branched-chain volatile fatty acids and folic acid accelerated the growth of Holstein dairy calves by stimulating nutrient digestion and rumen metabolism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 December 2019

Y. R. Liu ,
H. S. Du ,
Z. Z. Wu ,
C. Wang ,
Q. Liu Open the ORCID record for Q. Liu [Opens in a new window] ,
G. Guo ,
W. J. Huo ,
Y. L. Zhang ,
C. X. Pei  and
S. L. Zhang
Y. R. Liu
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu030801, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
H. S. Du
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu030801, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
Z. Z. Wu
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu030801, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
C. Wang
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu030801, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
Q. Liu*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu030801, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
G. Guo
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu030801, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
W. J. Huo
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu030801, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
Y. L. Zhang
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu030801, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
C. X. Pei
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu030801, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
S. L. Zhang
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu030801, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
*
†E-mail: liuqiangabc@163.com
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Abstract

The combined addition of branched-chain volatile fatty acids (BCVFAs) and folic acid (FA) could improve growth performance and nutrient utilization by stimulating ruminal microbial growth and enzyme activity. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of BCVFA and FA addition on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, microbial enzyme activity, microflora and excretion of urinary purine derivatives (PDs) in calves. Thirty-six Chinese Holstein weaned calves (60 ± 5.4 days of age and 107 ± 4.7 kg of BW) were assigned to one of four groups in a randomized block design. Treatments were control (without additives), FA (with 10 mg FA/kg dietary DM), BCVFA (with 5 g BCVFA/kg dietary DM) and the combined addition of FA and BCVFA (10 mg/kg DM of FA and 5 g/kg DM of BCVFA). Supplements were hand-mixed into the top one-third of total mixed ration. Dietary concentrate to maize silage ratio was 50 : 50 on a DM basis. Dietary BCVFA or FA addition did not affect dry matter intake but increased average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion efficiency. Ruminal pH and ammonia N were lower, and total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentration was higher for BCVFA or FA addition than for control. Dietary BCVFA or FA addition did not affect acetate proportion but decreased propionate proportion and increased acetate to propionate ratio. Total tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, CP and NDF was higher for BCVFA or FA addition than for control. Dietary BCVFA or FA addition increased activity of carboxymethyl cellulase and cellobiase, population of total bacteria, fungi, Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefaciens, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Prevotella ruminicola as well as total PD excretion. Ruminal xylanase, pectinase and protease activity and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens population were increased by BCVFA addition, whereas population of protozoa and methanogens was increased by FA addition. The BCVFA × FA interaction was significant for acetate to propionate ratio, cellobiase activity and total PD excretion, and these variables increased more with FA addition in diet without BCVFA than in diet with BCVFA. The data indicated that supplementation with BCVFA or FA increased ADG, nutrient digestibility, ruminal total VFA concentration and microbial protein synthesis by stimulating ruminal microbial growth and enzyme activity in calves.

Keywords

nutrient digestibilityruminal microfloracellulolytic rumen bacteriamicrobial enzyme activitymicrobial protein
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 14 , Issue 6 , June 2020 , pp. 1176 - 1183
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2019

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