Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-q6k6v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-10T08:30:16.158Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of maize silage to grass silage ratio and feed particle size on protein synthesis and amino acid profile in different microbial fractions in a semi-continuous rumen simulation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 November 2010

B. Hildebrand ,
J. Boguhn  and
M. Rodehutscord
B. Hildebrand
Affiliation:
Institut für Tierernährung, Universität Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 10, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
J. Boguhn
Affiliation:
Institut für Tierernährung, Universität Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 10, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
M. Rodehutscord*
Affiliation:
Institut für Tierernährung, Universität Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 10, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
*
†E-mail: inst450@uni-hohenheim.de
Get access

Abstract

The objective was to investigate the effect of variation in forage source and feed particle size of a diet, including interactions, on the amount and the composition of microbial crude protein (CP) in a semi-continuous culture system (Rusitec). Different microbial CP fractions were compared. Five diets with mean forage proportion of 0.88 and different maize silage to grass silage ratios (100 : 0, 79 : 21, 52 : 48, 24 : 76 and 0 : 100) were used. Diets were ground through sieves with a pore size of either 1 or 4 mm, matching the particle size of fine (F) and coarse (C), respectively. Diets were characterised by increasing concentrations of CP and fibre fractions, and decreasing concentrations of starch with ascending inclusion rates of grass silage. Microbial mass was isolated from feed residues after incubation from the liquid phase of the fermenter and from the liquid effluent. The amount of synthesised microbial CP was determined on the basis of 15N balance. It increased quite linearly by the stepwise replacement of maize silage by grass silage, and was higher in C treatments compared to F treatments. Efficiency of microbial CP synthesis (EMPS) was improved from 29 to 43 mg microbial N/g degraded organic matter (OM) by increasing the proportion of grass silage in the diet, but was unaffected by particle size. The N content as well as the profiles of amino acids of the three microbial fractions was affected by diet composition and particle size. The ratio of solid- to liquid-associated microbes was affected by diet composition and feed particle size. The amount and EMPS seemed to be improved by degradation of OM from grass silage and an increasing availability of N. Moreover, the results of this study indicated a shift in the composition of the microbial community caused by variation in forage composition and feed particle size.

Keywords

silageparticle sizemicrobial proteinamino acid profileRusitec
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 5 , Issue 4 , 23 February 2011 , pp. 537 - 546
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Atasoglu, C, Valdes, C, Newbold, CJ, Wallace, RJ 1999. Influence of peptides and amino acids on fermentation rate and de novo synthesis of amino acids by mixed micro-organisms from the sheep rumen. British Journal of Nutrition 81, 307–314.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bach, A, Calsamiglia, S, Stern, MD 2005. Nitrogen metabolism in the rumen. Journal of Dairy Science 88, E9–E21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bach, A, Yoon, IK, Stern, MD, Jung, HG, Chester-Jones, H 1999. Effects of type of carbohydrate supplementation to lush pasture on microbial fermentation in continuous culture. Journal of Dairy Science 82, 153–160.Google Scholar
Boguhn, J, Kluth, H, Rodehutscord, M 2006a. Effect of total mixed ration composition on fermentation and efficiency of ruminal microbial crude protein synthesis in vitro. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 1580–1591.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boguhn, J, Kluth, H, Rodehutscord, M 2006b. Effect of total mixed ration composition on amino acid profiles of different fractions of ruminal microbes in vitro. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 1592–1603.Google Scholar
Carro, MD, Miller, EL 1999. Effect of supplementing a fibre basal diet with different nitrogen forms on ruminal fermentation and microbial growth in an in vitro semi-continuous culture system (Rusitec). British Journal of Nutrition 82, 149–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carro, MD, Miller, EL 2002. Comparison of microbial markers (15N and purine bases) and bacterial isolates for the estimation of rumen microbial protein synthesis. Animal Science 75, 315–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, JH, Klusmeyer, TH, Cameron, MR 1992. Microbial protein synthesis and flows of nitrogen fractions to the duodenum of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 75, 2304–2323.Google Scholar
Craig, WM, Broderick, GA, Ricker, DB 1987. Quantitation of microorganisms associated with the particulate phase of ruminal ingesta. Journal of Nutrition 117, 56–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Czerkawski, JW, Breckenridge, G 1977. Design and development of a long-term rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). British Journal of Nutrition 38, 371–384.Google Scholar
Demeyer, D, Fievez, V 2004. Is the synthesis of rumen bacterial protein limited by the availability of pre-formed amino acids and/or peptides? British Journal of Nutrition 91, 175–176.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Givens, DI, Rulquin, H 2004. Utilisation by ruminants of nitrogen compounds in silage-based diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 114, 1–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gómez, JA, Tejido, ML, Carro, MD 2005. Influence of disodium malate on microbial growth and fermentation in rumen-simulation technique fermenters receiving medium- and high-concentrate diets. British Journal of Nutrition 93, 479–484.Google Scholar
Hildebrand, B, Boguhn, J, Rodehutscord, M 2010. Effect of maize silage to grass silage ratio and feed particle size on ruminal fermentation in vitro. Animal 5, 528–536.Google Scholar
Hvelplund, T 1986. The influence of diet on nitrogen and amino acid content of mixed rumen bacteria. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica 36, 325–331.Google Scholar
Kajikawa, H, Tajima, K, Mitsumori, M, Takenaka, A 2007. Effects of amino nitrogen on fermentation parameters by mixed ruminal microbes when energy or nitrogen is limited. Animal Science Journal 78, 121–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kenward, MG, Roger, JH 1997. Small sample inference for fixed effects from restricted maximum likelihood. Biometrics 53, 983–997.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, C, Bernard, L, Michalet-Doreau, B 1996. Influence of sampling time and diet on amino acid composition of protozoal and bacterial fractions from bovine ruminal contents. Journal of Animal Science 74, 1157–1163.Google Scholar
Martín-Orúe, SM, Balcells, J, Zakraoui, F, Castrillo, C 1998. Quantification and chemical composition of mixed bacteria harvested from solid fractions of rumen digesta: effect of detachment procedure. Animal Feed Science and Technology 71, 269–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michalet-Doreau, B, Ould-Bah, MY 1992. In vitro and in sacco methods for the estimation of dietary nitrogen degradability in the rumen: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology 40, 57–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Molina-Alcaide, E, Moumen, A, Martín-García, I, Carro, MD 2009. Comparison of bacterial pellets and microbial markers for the estimation of the microbial nitrogen and amino acids flows from single flow continuous culture fermenters fed diets containing two-stage olive cake. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 93, 527–537.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Philipczyk, I, Südekum, KH, Ahrens, F, Stangassinger, M 1996. Bestimmung des Anteils bakterieller Biomasse im Pansen von Ochsen mit Diaminopimelinsäure als Marker: Einfluß des Erntezeitpunktes von Futterpflanzen, des Probenahmezeitpunktes und der Methode zur Isolierung der Bakterienfraktion (Quantification of bacterial biomass in the rumen of steers with diaminopimelic acid as marker: effects of forage stage of maturity, time of sampling and method of isolating the bacterial fraction). Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 75, 105–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ranilla, MJ, Carro, MD 2003. Diet and procedures used to detach particle-associated microbes from ruminal digesta influence chemical composition of microbes and estimation of microbial growth in Rusitec fermenters. Journal of Animal Science 81, 537–544.Google Scholar
Rodehutscord, M, Kapocius, M, Timmler, R, Dieckmann, A 2004. Linear regression approach to study amino acid digestibility in broiler chickens. British Poultry Science 45, 85–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodríguez, CA, González, J, Alvir, MR, Repetto, JL, Centeno, C, Lamrani, F 2000. Composition of bacteria harvested from the liquid and solid fractions of the rumen of sheep as influenced by feed intake. British Journal of Nutrition 84, 369–376.Google Scholar
Rodríguez-Prado, M, Calsamiglia, S, Ferret, A 2004. Effects of fiber content and particle size of forage on the flow of microbial amino acids from continuous culture fermenters. Journal of Dairy Science 87, 1413–1424.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Russell, J.B., Strobel, H.J. 2005. Microbial energetics. In Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism (ed. J Dijkstra, JM Forbes and J France), pp. 229–261. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK.Google Scholar
Satter, LD, Slyter, LL 1974. Effect of ammonia concentration on rumen microbial protein production in vitro. British Journal of Nutrition 32, 199–208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stern, MD, Varga, GA, Clark, JH, Firkins, JL, Huber, JT, Palmquist, DL 1994. Evaluation of chemical and physical properties of feeds that affect protein metabolism in the rumen. Journal of Dairy Science 77, 2762–2786.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stokes, SR, Hoover, WH, Miller, TK, Manski, RP 1991. Impact of carbohydrate and protein levels on bacterial metabolism in continuous culture. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 860–870.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tamminga, S, Brandsma, GG, Dijkstra, J, van Duinkerken, G, van Vuuren, AM, Blok, MC 2007. Protein evaluation for ruminants: the DVE/OEB 2007-System. CVB documentation report no. 53. Centraal Veevoeder Bureau, Lelystad, Netherlands.Google Scholar
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB, Lewis, BA 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.Google Scholar
Verband Deutscher Landwirtschaftlicher Untersuchungs- und Forschungsanstalten (VDLUFA) 2006. Handbuch der Landwirtschaftlichen Versuchs- und Untersuchungsmethodik (VDLUFA-Methodenbuch), Bd. III Die chemische Untersuchung von Futtermitteln. VDLUFA-Verlag, Darmstadt, Germany.Google Scholar
Vlaeminck, B, Fievez, V, Demeyer, D, Dewhurst, RJ 2006. Effect of forage : ‘concentrate ratio on fatty acid composition of rumen bacteria isolated from ruminal and duodenal digesta. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 2668–2678.Google Scholar
Volden, H, Harstad, OM 1998. Amino acid composition of bacteria harvested from the rumen of dairy cows fed three diets differing in protein content and rumen protein degradability at two levels of intake. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A – Animal Science 48, 210–215.Google Scholar
Wang, M-Z, Wang, H-R, Cao, H-C, Li, G-X, Zhang, J 2008. Effects of limiting amino acids on rumen fermentation and microbial community in vitro. Agricultural Sciences in China 7, 1524–1531.Google Scholar
Witzig, M, Boguhn, J, Kleinsteuber, S, Fetzer, I, Rodehutscord, M 2010. Effect of the corn silage to grass silage ratio and feed particle size of diets for ruminants on the ruminal Bacteroides-Prevotella community in vitro. Anaerobe 16, 412–419.Google Scholar
Yang, WZ, Beauchemin, KA, Rode, LM 2001. Effect of dietary factors on distribution and chemical composition of liquid- or solid-associated bacterial populations in the rumen of dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science 79, 2736–2746.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed