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Private Matters: The Origins and Nature of United States-Peruvian Relations, 1820-1850

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 December 2015

Lawrence A. Clayton
Lawrence A. Clayton*
Affiliation:
University of Alabama, University, Alabama
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Extract

“We are still almost in a state of seige from the operations of the armed bands who rob and plunder almost daily, on the great thoroughfare between this city [Lima] and its port-town, Callao, and, amongst others, some of our countrymen have been attacked and wounded,” wrote Samuel Larned, United States Chargé d' Affaires at Lima on November 16, 1835. Lima and its environs were indeed in an uproar, made so by the revolt of the impetuous twenty-eight year old General Felipe Santiago de Salaverry against the government. While Salaverry the usurper was prosecuting his campaign in the interior, bands of soldiers prowled about the capital area, discipline and order loosened by a quicksilver political situation. Furthermore, Salaverry's attitudes were anti-foreign and his campaign “worthy of the times of Attila or Genghis Kan” to the mind of the American chargé. Little wonder that on December 10, 1835, a few Marines were landed at Callao to protect American interests and property. It was an unprecedented act, the first time United States Marines had ever been landed to protect American diplomatic missions. Next month they packed up and reboarded the U.S.S. Brandywine, only to put ashore once more in August to continue their vigil. On December 2, 1836, less than a year after first setting ashore, the Marines once more withdrew, but the landing, although modest in proportion to the violent maneuvers of the warring factions, symbolized the nature and extent of United States-Peruvian relations.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Americas , Volume 42 , Issue 4 , April 1986 , pp. 377 - 417
Copyright
Copyright © Academy of American Franciscan History 1986

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References

* I would like to thank T. Ray Shurbutt. Georgia Southern College, for first suggesting the subject of this article, and Lester Langley of the University of Georgia and J. León Helguera of Vanderbilt University for reading and commenting on portions of it dealing with William Tudor read at the Southern Historical Association meeting in November, 1982, and especially Professor Helguera for correcting some errors of fact and adding his inimitable views of Bolívar, proving once again that the Liberator is not an easy man to characterize and pass judgement on.

1 Samuel Larned, U.S. Chargé d’Affaires at Lima to John Forsyth, Secretary of State, Lima, November 16, 1835 in Manning, William R., Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States, Inter-American Affairs, 1831–1860 (8 vols.: Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1938), X, p. 373 Google Scholar.

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17 Tudor to Henry Clay, Lima, March 21, 1825, Manning, , 3, p. 1780 Google Scholar.

18 Ibid.

19 Tudor to Clay, Lima, May 17, 1826, Manning, , 3, p. 1797 Google Scholar.

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21 Tudor to Clay, Lima, Aug. 24, 1826. Manning, , 3, p. 1809 Google Scholar.

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29 Tudor to Clay, Lima, May 23, 1827, Manning, , 3, p. 1830 Google Scholar.

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33 Ibid.

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36 Ibid.

37 Tudor to Clay, Lima, November 25, 1826, Manning, , 3, p. 1813 Google Scholar.

38 Ibid.

39 Ibid.

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55 Ibid.

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84 Larned to Forsyth, Lima, Jan. 20, 1836, Manning, , 10, p. 384 Google Scholar. Bartlett later appears as the U.S. agent for Gibbs & Co., in New York. Gibbs was the English firm with a monopoly on the distribution of Peruvian guano in the 1840s.

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93 Ibid.

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98 Ibid.

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101 Ibid.

102 Stanhope Prevost to Buchanan, Lima, Dec. 9. 1846, Manning, , 10. p. 547–549 Google Scholar.

103 prevost to Buchanan, Lima, Feb. 1, 1847, Manning, , 10. p. 551 Google Scholar.

104 Dodd, T.J. “Peru” in Davis, , Wilson, , Latin American Foreign Policies, p. 362 Google Scholar.

105 Basadre, , Historia, 3, p. 118 Google Scholar.

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