¹ The range in salary is from $200 for a two-year period in New Hampshire to $2,500 a year in New York; or from $3 a day for each session in Oregon to $15 a day in Arizona.

² For an analysis of the membership of a state legislature (in Kentucky), see Jones, J. C., “The Make-up of a State Legislature,” in this Review, Vol. 25, pp. 116–119 (Feb., 1931)Google Scholar.

³ For a brief statement concerning the work of the Illinois, Missouri, and Cleveland surveys, see “Report of the Special Crime Commission,” 19 Massachusetts Law Quarterly 7Google Scholar.

⁴ Journal of the American Judicature Society, Vol. 17, p. 172 (April, 1934)Google Scholar.

⁵ Wisconsin Laws, 1913, p. 691Google Scholar. The body was not, and is not, termed a judicial council in the statutes, but rather the Wisconsin board of circuit judges. A council was created in Ohio in 1923. Laws of Ohio, 1923, pp. 364–365Google Scholar.

⁶ Perhaps the best single study of the judicial council movement is a book, The Judicial Council, prepared by the committee on judicial administration of the Merchants' Association of New York and published in 1932. In his Principles of Judicial Administration, pp. 264–280, Dr. W. F. Willoughby presents a lucid discussion of the establishment and work of the councils in several states. The Journal of the American Judicature Society presents up to date information relative to the establishment and progress of councils. See also Paul, Charles H., “The Judicial Councils and Reform of Judicial Procedure,” 5 Oregon Law Review 1 (1925)Google Scholar; Albert B. Ridgway, “The American Judicial Council; Its Powers and Possibilities,” ibid., 292; McClendon, James W., “A Review of the Judicial Council Movement,” 9 Texas Law Review 266Google Scholar; Sunderland, Edson R., “Organization and Function of the Judicial Councils,” 9 Indiana Law Journal 479 (May, 1934)Google Scholar; Cabot, Henry B. Jr., “Results of the Creation of the Judicial Council of Massachusetts,” 18 Massachusetts Law Quarterly 49 (Feb., 1933)Google Scholar.

⁷ Constitution of California, Art. VI, Sec. 1a (amendment).

⁸ Connecticut General Statutes, 1930, Sec. 5362.

⁹ Laws of Kansas, 1927, 243–244Google Scholar.

¹⁰ Public Acts of Michigan, 1929, 106Google Scholar.

¹¹ Texas Laws, 1929, 689–691Google Scholar (Regular session).

¹² See supra, note 7.

¹³ 5 Proceedings of Idaho State Bar 101 (1929).

¹⁴ 2 South Dakota Bar Journal 39 (Oct., 1933).

¹⁵ Utah Bar Bulletin, October, 1931, 13Google Scholar.

¹⁶ 17 Journal of the American Judicature Society 167 (April, 1934).

¹⁷ Sunderland, Edson R., “Organization and Function of Judicial Councils,” 9 Indiana Law Journal 479 (May, 1934)Google Scholar.

¹⁸ Acts and Resolves of Massachusetts, 1924, 228Google Scholar.

¹⁹ See supra, note 7. No other judicial council has administrative powers comparable to those possessed by the California council, but the councils in Washington, Kansas, Connecticut, and Oklahoma have important rule-making powers. The recently created judicial council in New York is expressly authorized to recommend changes in rules of practice to anybody vested with the rule-making power.

²⁰ Report of the Judicial Council of Massachusetts, nos. 1–8 (Annually, 1925–1932).

²¹ Report of the Judicial Council of California, nos. 2–4 (Biennially, 1929–1933).

²² Report of the Judicial Council of Rhode Island, nos. 1–6 (Annually, 1926–1931).

²³ Report of the Judicial Council of New Jersey, nos. 1–4 (Annually, 1930–1933).

²⁴ Report of the Civil Judicial Council of Texas, nos. 1–4 (Annually, 1929–1932).

²⁵ Report of the Judicial Council of Connecticut, nos. 1 and 2 (Biennially, 1928, 1930).

²⁶ Acts and Resolves of Massachusetts, 1929, ch. 185.

²⁷ Report of the Judicial Council of Massachusetts, no. 9, p. 13 (1933)Google Scholar.

²⁸ This is the estimated cost of a jury trial in the superior court, made by the judicial council in its eighth Report, p. 14.

²⁹ Acts and Resolves of Massachusetts, 1929, ch. 316.

³⁰ Report of the Judicial Council of Massachusetts, no. 6, p. 64, and table opposite; no. 7, p. SO, and table opposite; no. 8, p. 70 and table opposite; and no. 9, p. 70, and table opposite.

³¹ Personal letter to the writer.

³² Texas General Laws, 1931, 99Google Scholar (Regular session).

³³ Ibid., 1931, 124.

³⁴ Report of Texas Civil Judicial Council, no. 4, p. 10 (1932)Google Scholar. It is a well-known fact that if this bill were enacted many fee-paid officers would lose money.

³⁵ Laws of Rhode Island, 1929, ch. 1327.

³⁶ Report of the Judicial Council of Rhode Island, no. 6, p. 8 (1932)Google Scholar.

³⁷ Laws of Rhode Island, 1929, ch. 1326.

³⁸ Report of the Judicial Council of Rhode Island, no. 7, Appendix, Table no. 10 (1933).

³⁹ Ibid., Table no. 4.

⁴⁰ New Jersey Public Laws, 1931, ch. 356.

⁴¹ Report of the Judicial Council of New Jersey, no. 2, p. 1 (1931)Google Scholar.

⁴² New Jersey Public Laws, 1931, ch. 317.

⁴³ Ibid., 1932, ch. 15.

⁴⁴ Report of the Judicial Council of New Jersey, no. 4, pp. 22–23 (1933)Google Scholar.

⁴⁵ Personal letter to the writer.

⁴⁶ See supra, note 7.

⁴⁷ Report of the Judicial Council of California, no. 4, pp. 8–9 (1933)Google Scholar.

⁴⁸ Ibid.

⁴⁹ Personal letter to the writer.

⁵⁰ Laws of California, 1929, ch. 475.

⁵¹ Report of the Judicial Council of California, no. 4, pp. 9–10 (1933)Google Scholar.

⁵² Laws of California, 1931, ch. 834.

⁵³ “The Ohio Judicial Council: Studies and Keports,” in this Review, Vol. 27, p. 956 (Dec., 1933)Google Scholar.

⁵⁴ Ruppenthal, J. C., “Work Done by Judicial Councils,” 14 Journal of the American Judicature Society 21 (June, 1930)Google Scholar.

⁵⁵ Loc. cit., 99 (October, 1930).

⁵⁶ Ibid., 77.

⁵⁷ Personal letter to the writer.

⁵⁸ Personal letter from the secretary of the judicial council of New Jersey to the writer.

⁵⁹ Ibid. Secretary of Texas civil judicial council.

⁶⁰ Report of the Judicial Council of Connecticut, no. 2, p. 14 (1930)Google Scholar.

⁶¹ Ibid., no. 3, p. 9.

⁶² Personal letter from B. Grant Taylor, secretary of the judicial council of California, to the writer.

⁶³ Report of Judicial Council of California, no. 4, p. 11 (1933)Google Scholar.

⁶⁴ Report of the Judicial Council of New Jersey, no. 2, pp. 28–29 (1931)Google Scholar.

⁶⁵ Reprint of the Report of the Judicial Council of New Jersey, 1932, 4–5Google Scholar.