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Social Groups as the Source of Political Belief Systems: Fresh Evidence on an Old Theory

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 April 2022

ELIZABETH MITCHELL ELDER Open the ORCID record for ELIZABETH MITCHELL ELDER [Opens in a new window]  and
NEIL A. O’BRIAN Open the ORCID record for NEIL A. O’BRIAN [Opens in a new window]
ELIZABETH MITCHELL ELDER*
Affiliation:
Princeton University, United States
NEIL A. O’BRIAN*
Affiliation:
University of Oregon, United States
*
Elizabeth Mitchell Elder, Senior Research Specialist, Mamdouha S. Bobst Center for Peace and Justice and Center for the Study of Democratic Politics, Princeton University, United States, e.mitchell.elder@princeton.edu.
Neil A. O’Brian, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Oregon, United States, obrian@uoregon.edu.
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Abstract

We present novel evidence that attitudes toward nonpartisan social groups structure political belief systems. First, we show that most Americans have a rich knowledge of the social groups that support and oppose group-related policies. This knowledge often exceeds people’s awareness of where Democrats and Republicans stand on these same issues. Then, we show that this knowledge promotes what Philip Converse called ideological coherence: Americans who know which groups support and oppose a policy are more likely to hold stable policy positions over time and to organize their attitudes into consistently liberal or conservative bundles. In the twentieth century, knowledge of social groups’ issue positions rivaled knowledge of parties’ positions in its ability to generate attitude stability and constraint. However, as party identification has strengthened in recent decades, knowledge of parties’ positions has become the most important source of structure in most Americans’ belief systems.

Type
Research Article
Information
American Political Science Review , Volume 116 , Issue 4 , November 2022 , pp. 1407 - 1424
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the American Political Science Association

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