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Reconciling the Theoretical and Empirical Study of International Norms: A New Approach to Measurement

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2020

TYLER GIRARD Open the ORCID record for TYLER GIRARD [Opens in a new window]
TYLER GIRARD*
Affiliation:
The University of Western Ontario
*
Tyler Girard, PhD Candidate, Department of Political Science, The University of Western Ontario, tgirard2@uwo.ca.
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Abstract

Despite extensive research on international norms, our approach to measurement has not kept pace with theoretical advancements. Existing research often relies on single indicators to facilitate cross-national analysis or employs case-study designs that provide greater nuance but restricted scope. Given these limitations, this note argues that item-response theory (IRT) provides a framework for strengthening the link between our theoretical understanding of norms and empirical measurement of norm adoption. In turn, I develop a modified Bayesian model with substantively informed dynamic priors. The proposed approach is evaluated with the lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) equality norm, using 13 policies and laws across 196 countries (1990–2017). The results are broadly consistent with theoretical expectations while also providing new empirical evidence on the evolution of the norm across space and time. This note highlights the significant potential in greater interaction between both latent measurement approaches and scholarship on international norms.

Type
Letter
Information
American Political Science Review , Volume 115 , Issue 1 , February 2021 , pp. 331 - 338
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the American Political Science Association

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Footnotes

Previous versions of the paper were presented at the 2019 Meeting of the Canadian Political Science Association and the 2019 Meeting of the British International Studies Association. The author would especially like to thank Dave Armstrong, Adam Enders, Erin Hannah, Adam Harmes, and Matt Lebo for invaluable support, as well as the anonymous reviewers and the editors of APSR for their insightful comments and suggestions that substantially improved the paper. Replication materials are available at the American Political Science Review Dataverse: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/XS4P50.

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