Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-vsgnj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-18T23:55:09.789Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Disentangling Patterns of State Debt Financing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2013

James C. Clingermayer
Affiliation:
University of Texas, El Paso
B. Dan Wood
Affiliation:
Texas A&M University

Abstract

We examine the determinants of change in state government indebtedness from 1961 through 1989 using a pooled time series cross-sectional analysis. The analysis reveals that debt is primarily a function of economic conditions reflecting both the need to borrow and the capacity of states to repay debt. However, political factors such as culture, partisan competition, and electoral cycles also affect state debt. We also find very weak evidence that tax and expenditure limitations, ironically, may increase state indebtedness, while constitutional debt limitations have no effect upon slowing the growth of state debt.

Type
Research Notes
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Advisory Council on Intergovernmental Relations. 1992. Significant Features of Fiscal Federalism. Washington: GPO.Google Scholar
Alesina, Alberto, and Tabellini, Guido. 1990. “A Positive Theory of Fiscal Deficits and Government Debt.” Review of Economic Studies 57:403–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Almon, Shirley. 1965. “The Distributed Lag between Capital Appropriations and Expenditures.” Econometrica 33:178–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alt, James E., and Lowry, Robert G.. 1994. “Divided Government, Fiscal Institutions, and Budget Deficits: Evidence from the States.” American Political Science Review 88:811828.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, Gary M. 1987. “The U.S. Federal Deficit and National Debt: A Political and Economic History.” In Deficits, ed. Buchanan, James M., Rowley, Charles K., and Tollison, Robert D.. New York: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Baber, William R., and Sen, Pradyot. 1986. “The Political Process and the Use of Debt Financing by State Government.” Public Choice 48:201–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bahl, Roy, and Duncombe, William. 1993. “State and Local Debt Burdens in the 1980s: A Study in Contrast.” Public Administration Review 53:3140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banerjee, A., Dolado, J., Hendry, D., and Smith, G.. 1986. “Exploring Equilibrium Relationships in Econometrics through Static Models: Some Monte Carlo Evidence.” Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 48:253–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barro, Robert. 1979. “On the Determination of Public Debt.” Journal of Political Economy 87:940–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, Nathaniel, and Katz, Jonathan. 1993. “The Analysis of Cross-national Panel and Related Models.” Presented at the annual annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington.Google Scholar
Berry, Frances Stokes, and Berry, William D.. 1992. “Tax Innovation in the States: Capitalizing on Political Opportunity.” American Journal of Political Science 36:715–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowler, Shaun, and Donovan, Todd. 1994. “Is Direct Democracy Good for Public Budgets? The ‘Constitution’ of State Indebtedness.” Presented at the annual meeting of the Western Political Science Association, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Brace, Paul. 1991. “The Changing Context of State Political Economy.” Journal of Politics 53:297317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buchanan, James M. 1987. “Budgetary Bias in Post-Keynesian Politics: the Erosion and Potential Replacement of Fiscal Norms.” In Deficits, ed. Buchanan, James M., Rowley, Charles K., and Tollison, Robert D.. New York: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Buchanan, James M., and Wagner, Richard E.. 1977. Democracy in Deficit: The Political Legacy of Lord Keynes. New York: Academic.Google Scholar
Clingermayer, James C. 1991. “An Intergenerational Transfer Model of State Debt Financing.” Public Choice 72:1321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cox, James, and Lowery, David. 1990. “The Impact of the Tax Revolt Era State Fiscal Caps.” Social Science Quarterly 71:492509.Google Scholar
Dawson, Richard E., and Robinson, James A.. 1963. “Inter-party Competition, Economic Variables, and Welfare Policies.” Journal of Politics 25:265–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickey, D. A., and Fuller, W. A.. 1981. “Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root.” Econometrica 49:1057–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elazar, Daniel J. 1984. American Federalism. 3d ed.New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Fiorina, Morris. 1992. Divided Government. New York: Mac-Millan.Google Scholar
Garand, James. 1988. “Explaining Government Growth in the U.S. States.” American Political Science Review 82:837–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gramlich, Edward M. 1987. “Subnational Fiscal Policy.” In Perspectives on Local Public Finance and Public Policy, ed. Quigley, John M., vol. 3. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.Google Scholar
Granger, Clive W. J., and Newbold, Paul. 1974. “Spurious Regressions in Economics.” Journal of Econometrics 2:111–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greene, William H. 1993. Econometric Analysis, 2d ed.New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Heins, A. James. 1963. Constitutional Restrictions against State Debt. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Holbrook, Thomas M. and van Dunk, Emily. 1993. “Electoral Competition in the American States.” American Political Science Review 87:955–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Husted, Thomas A., Morton, Rebecca B., and Waller, Christopher J.. 1992. “Political Business Cycles in State Economies.” Presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Chicago.Google Scholar
Key, V. O. Jr., 1951. Southern Politics. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.Google Scholar
Kiewiet, D. Roderick, and McCubbins, Mathew D.. 1991. The Logic of Delegation: Congressional Parties and the Appropriations Process. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Kiewiet, D. Roderick, and Szakaly, Kristin. 1992. “The Efficacy of Constitutional Restrictions on Borrowing, Taxing, and Spending: An Analysis of State Bonded Indebtedness, 1961–1990.” Presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Chicago.Google Scholar
Kincaid, John, and Lieske, Joel. 1991. “Political Subcultures of the American States: State of the Art and Agenda for Research.” Presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington.Google Scholar
Lieske, Joel. 1993. “Regional Subcultures of the United States.” Journal of Politics 55:888913.Google Scholar
Lowery, David. 1985. “The Keynesian and Political Determinants of Unbalanced Budgets: U.S. Fiscal Policy from Eisenhower to Reagan.” American Journal of Political Science 29:428–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luttbeg, Norman R. 1971. “Classifying the American States: An Empirical Attempt to Identify Variations.” Midwest Journal of Political Science 15:703–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCubbins, Mathew D. 1991. “Party Governance and U.S. Budget Deficits: Divided Government and Fiscal Stalemate.” In Politics and Economics in the Eighties, ed. Alesina, Alberto and Carliner, Geoffrey. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Morgan, David R., and England, Robert E.. 1987. “Classifying the American States: An Update.” Social Science Quarterly 68:405–17.Google Scholar
Musgrave, Richard. 1959. The Theory of Public Finance. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Nice, David C. 1991. “The Impact of State Policies to Limit Debt Financing.” Publius 21:6982.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nordhaus, William D. 1975. “The Political Business Cycle.” Review of Economic Studies 42:169–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poterba, James M. 1986. “Explaining the Yield Spread between Taxable and Tax-exempt Bonds: The Role of Expected Tax Policy.” In Studies in State and Local Public Finance, ed. Rosen, Harvey S.. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Poterba, James M. 1989. “Tax Reform and the Market for Tax-exempt Debt.” Regional Science and Urban Economics 19:537–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poterba, James M. 1994. “State Responses to Fiscal Crisis: The Effects of Budgetary Institutions and Politics.” Journal of Political Economy 102:799821.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Regens, James L., and Lauth, Thomas P. Jr., 1992. “Buy Now, Pay Later: Trends in State Indebtedness, 1950–1989.” Public Administration Review 52:146–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roubini, Nouriel, and Sachs, Jeffrey D.. 1989. “Political and Economic Determinants of Budget Deficits in the Industrial Democracies.” European Economic Review 33:903–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowley, Charles K. 1987. “The Legacy of Keynes: From the General Theory to Generalized Budget Deficits.” In Deficits, ed. Buchanan, James M., Rowley, Charles K., and Tollison, Robert D.. New York: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Schick, Allen. 1993. “Governments Versus Budget Deficits.” In Do Institutions Matter?, ed. Kent Weaver, R. and Rockman, Bert A.. Washington: Brookings.Google Scholar
Schwarz, Gabriel. 1978. “Estimating the Dimension of a Model.” Annals of Statistics 6:461–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stein, Robert M. 1984. “Municipal Public Employment: An Examination of Intergovernmental Influences.” American Journal of Political Science 28:636–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stock, J. 1987. “Asymptotic Properties of Least Squares Estimators of Cointegrating Vectors.” Econometrica 55:1035–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tullock, Gordon. 1987. “The General irrelevance of the General Theory?” In Deficits, ed. Buchanan, James M., Rowley, Charles K., and Tollison, Robert D.. New York: Basil Black-well.Google Scholar
Wright, Gerald C., Erikson, Robert S., and Mclver, John P.. 1985. “Measuring State Partisanship and Ideology with Survey Data.” Journal of Politics 47:469–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zimmerman, Dennis. 1991. The Private Use of Tax-exempt Bonds: Controlling Public Subsidy of Private Activity. Washington: Urban Institute Press.Google Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.