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Demographic, Social-Psychological, and Political Factors in the Politics of Aging: A Foundation for Research in “Political Gerontology”*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2014

Neal E. Cutler*
Affiliation:
University of Southern California

Abstract

“Political gerontology” is the study of the political aspects of aging and the aged. Although psychology and sociology have research subfields concerning aging, this interest is just beginning to develop systematically within political science. Consequently, this article describes theory and research from several disciplines which together provide a foundation for research in “political gerontology.” Demographic analysis suggests that old people constitute a continuously growing component of the American population. Social-psychological analysis indicates that the aged are likely to engage in substantial political activity. Political analysis suggests that old people are likely to make increasing demands upon the political system. This multidisciplinary knowledge base, combined with the predicted increasing political salience of the aging population, suggests the contours of a research agenda for “political gerontology.”

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 1977

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Footnotes

*

The author holds a joint appointment in the Department of Political Science, and as Laboratory Chief, Social Policy Laboratory, in the University's Andrus Gerontology Center. The research project of which this paper is a part has been supported by Administration on Aging Grant 93–P–5762/9. The author wishes to extend his thanks to the following for their comments on an earlier draft: James Birren, James Davies, Frederick Eisele, Daniel Fritz, Kenneth Janda, and K. Warner Schaie, with special gratitude to Vern Bengtson for his multifaceted colleagueship in the socialization of a gerontologist.

References

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2 Ibid.

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4 Although all population projections are estimates subject to error, certain elements of these projections suggest their likely stability. For example, all people who will be in the 65+ age group in 2000 and 2020 are already bom. Estimates of future births may be made either on the assumption of high fertility or low fertility. The United States is, and recently has been, witnessing decreased fertility, a trend that is expected to be maintained for the next ten to twenty years. Consequently, the estimates used here are based upon the low fertility assumption of 2.10 births per woman – also known as replacement rate – i.e., the assumotion on which the U.S. Census Bureau's Series E projections are based. See: Cutler, Neal E. and Harootyan, Robert A., “Demography of the Aged,” in Aging: Scientific Perspectives and Social Issues, ed. Woodruff, Diana S. and Birren, James E. (New York: Van Nostrand Company, 1975), pp. 3169 Google Scholar. A nationally distributed news story reported that a recent Census Bureau study found the fertility of American women in 1976 at a historical low. “The fertility rate now stands at 1.8 children per woman – exactly half the 1957 level.” The report also found that there are now “7.6 million fewer American children aged 13 and under than there were in 1970, even though there aie more women of childbearing age.” United Press International, U.S. Fertility Rate Drops to Record Low,” Los Angeles Times, 02 11, 1977, p. 23 Google Scholar. The continuation of this pattern would mean that Tables 1 and 2 underestimate the proportion of older persons in the population.

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