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Criticism, Cynicism, and Political Evaluation: A Venezuelan Example

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2014

Enrique A. Baloyra
Enrique A. Baloyra*
Affiliation:
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
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Abstract

Political trust and political efficacy are concepts currently undergoing considerable discussion and revision. The discussion of voting behavior in Campbell et al. (1954), Almond's and Verba's (1965) version of the participation hypothesis, Gamson's (1968) trust-efficacy hypothesis, and Verba's and Nie's (1972) standard socioeconomic model represent quite distinct and contrasting stages in the treatment of these concepts, but share some assumptions requiring additional discussion and clarification. One of these pertains to treatment of political criticism, measured with low scores of trust in government, as political cynicism. This is not so much an operational or methodological question as a theoretical framework that has never had much to say about the role of criticism in contemporary democratic societies. This essay proffers a case in which, high levels of interpersonal distrust and high levels of government criticism notwithstanding, it is possible to make this basic distinction. Path analyses of data from a national-sample survey show that criticism is triggered by predominantly political orientations, while cynicism is a rigidified form of criticism inseparable from the social circumstances of individuals. In addition, the evidence suggests that the sense of political efficacy does not play the pivotal role assigned to it in the literature.

Type
Articles
Information
American Political Science Review , Volume 73 , Issue 4 , December 1979 , pp. 987 - 1002
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 1979

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