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The Postwar World Map: New States and Boundary Changes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2013

Russell H. Fifield
Russell H. Fifield
Affiliation:
University of Michigan
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Extract

A comparison of the postwar worlds of 1919 and 1948 indicates that the process of nation-building has moved from Europe to Asia. In the peace settlement after the First World War, the new states of the world appeared for the most part in Europe, but in the aftermath of the Second World War the new members of the family of nations come almost entirely from Asia.

In Europe, three of the states that emerged from the First World War—Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania—have lost their national existence and are now numbered among the sixteen republics of the Soviet Union. The only new state from a practical viewpoint to appear in the European firmament is Iceland, which dissolved the personal union of a common king with Denmark dating from November 30, 1918, and became a sovereign republic on June 17, 1944. An even exchange may be noted in the incorporation by Poland of the Free City of Danzig, once under the protection of the League of Nations and in the creation of the Free Territory of Trieste under the protection of the Security Council of the United Nations.

Although classification is difficult, the new states or near states of Asia fall roughly into a fourfold pattern: independence with partition, independence without partition, de facto or promised independence, and emergence from isolation into the family of nations.

Type
International Affairs
Information
American Political Science Review , Volume 42 , Issue 3 , June 1948 , pp. 533 - 541
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 1948

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References

1 Text, “Indian Independence Act, 1947,” Law Times Reports, 177 (Aug. 23 and 30, 1947), pp. 52–59.

2 The essence of the decision is found in the United Nations Weekly Bulletin, III (Dec. 9, 1947), pp. 760–761, and a map of the “Plan of Partition” on p. 776. Other significant material is located in the United Nations Weekly Bulletin, III (Dec. 2, 1947), pp. 741–754. The Resolutions of the General Assembly of the United Nations, Second Series, 1947, A/519, are in press (Feb., 1948).

3 Documents on American Foreign Relations (Boston, World Peace Foundation, 1941), pp. 336–337.

4 See especially “The Constitution of the Mongol People's Republic,” Soviet Press Translations, Far Eastern Institute, University of Washington, III (Jan. 1, 1948), pp. 3–14.

5 Text of Alliance with Great Britain, dated Mar. 22, 1946, Treaty Series No. 32 (1946), Cmd. 6916.

6 Text of Proclamation of the President on the Independence of the Philippines, Department of State Bulletin, XV (July 14, 1946), p. 66.Google Scholar

7 Text, Ceylon Government Gazette, May 17, 1946Google Scholar; main features given in Parliamentary Debates, Commons, 1945–1946, 422 (April 30–May 17), pp. 282–283.

8 See “Treaty with Annex and Exchange of Notes,” dated Oct. 17, 1947, Cmd. 7240. This treaty was later ratified.

9 Text, United Nations Weekly Bulletin, III (Nov. 11, 1947), p. 636.Google Scholar The Resolutions of the General Assembly of the United Nations, Second Series, 1947, A/519, are in press (Feb., 1948).

10 New York Times, Mar. 8, 1946, p. 11.

11 New York Times, Nov. 16, 1946, p. 8.

12 Text, Department of State Bulletin, XV (July 21, 1946), pp. 94–95.Google Scholar

13 Text, Department of State Bulletin, XVI (May 11, 1947), pp. 949–950.Google Scholar Also see Day, Samuel H., “Emergent Nepal—Its Economic Development and Trade Outlook,” Foreign Commerce Weekly, Vol. 28 (July 26, 1947), pp. 3–5, 33–34.Google Scholar Mr. Day was a member of the American mission to Nepal.

14 See Trends in Russian Foreign Policy Since World War I, Legislative Reference Service [printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the United States Senate] (Washington, Government Printing Office, 1947), 68 pp.

15 Treaties of Peace with Italy, Bulgaria, Hungary, Roumania, and Finland, Department of State Publication 2743, European Series 21, 1947, Finland, pp. 2–3.

16 See the Diplomatic List, Department of State, Jan., 1948, for a list of Baltic diplomats still accredited to the United States.

17 Text of Potsdam Agreement, Department of State Bulletin, XIII (Aug. 5, 1945), pp. 153–160.Google Scholar

18 Ibid.

19 Treaties of Peace with Italy, Bulgaria, Hungary, Roumania, and Finland: Roumania, p. 2.

20 Treaties of Peace with Italy, Bulgaria, Hungary, Roumania, and Finland: Italy, pp. 2–17.

21 Treaties of Peace with Italy, Bulgaria, Hungary, Roumania, and Finland: Hungary, pp. 2–3.

22 Treaties of Peace with Italy, Bulgaria, Hungary, Roumania, and Finland: Bulgaria, p. 2.

23 Text of Cairo Declaration, Department of State Bulletin, IX (Dec. 4, 1943), p. 393.Google Scholar

24 Text of trusteeship, Department of State Bulletin, XVI (May 4, 1947), pp. 791–792, 794.Google Scholar

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26 Text, Department of State Bulletin, XIV (Feb. 10, 1946), pp. 201–208.Google Scholar A map of the “Port Arthur Naval Base Area in Accordance with Provisions of Sino-Soviet Treaty” is included.

27 Text, Treaty Series No. 68 (1947)Google Scholar, Cmd. 7200.

28 Text, Treaty Series No. 65 (1947)Google Scholar, Cmd. 7197.

29 Text, Treaty Series No. 89 (1947)Google Scholar, Cmd. 7290.

30 Text for Tanganyika, Treaty Series No. 19 (1947), Cmd. 7081Google Scholar; for Ruanda Urundi, Treaty Series No. 64 (1947), Cmd. 7196Google Scholar; and for French Togoland, Treaty Series No. 67 (1947)Google Scholar, Cmd. 7199.

31 Text, Department of State Bulletin, XIII (Oct. 21, 1945), p. 613–618.Google Scholar

32 Text of settlement, Documents on American Foreign Relations, IV [1941–1942], (Boston, World Peace Foundation, 1942), pp. 433–435.Google Scholar

33 British Honduras, British Information Services, Reference Division, Oct., 1946, pp. 15–17.

34 Text, Department of State Bulletin, IV (Mar. 29, 1941), pp. 387–412.Google Scholar

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