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Tui Chub Taphonomy and the Importance of Marsh Resources in the Western Great Basin of North America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Virginia L. Butler
Virginia L. Butler*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207
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Abstract

Debates about the importance of marsh resources to prehistoric human subsistence in the western Great Basin are longstanding. Recent questions regarding the natural vs. cultural origin of fish remains in lakeside archaeological sites further impede understanding of ancient subsistence patterns. Taphonomic study of a huge assemblage of tui chub (Gila bicolor) remains from an archaeological site in Stillwater Marsh, western Nevada, was undertaken to identify agents of deposition in marsh settings. The Stillwater fish remains showed limited surface modification-cut marks, burning, and digestive etching and staining—and thus these attributes were not useful indicators of origin. Fish mortality profiles, reconstructed by regression analysis of body size, indicates cultural selection of young/small fish rather than natural catastrophic mass death. The low survivorship of vertebrae in the chub assemblage suggests differential treatment of cranial and postcranial body parts by cultural agents. The Stillwater site fish assemblage represents a vast number of small fish; the presence of small tui chub from archaeological sites throughout the western Great Basin suggests that prehistoric fishers targeted relatively small chub in the subsistence quest.

Resumen

Resumen

Desde hace mucho tíempo han habido debates acerca de la importancia de los recursos de las zonas pantanosas para la subsistencia prehistórica humana en la Gran Cuenca occidental de los Estados Unidos. Las preguntas recientes referentes al origen natural versus cultural de los restos de pescado en sitios arqueológicos en las orillas de lagos obstaculizan, aún más, la comprensión de antiguas pautas de subsistencia. Se emprendió un estudio tafonómico de grandes colecciones de los restos de cachos (Gila bicolor) de un sitio arqueológico en Stillwater Marsh, en el oeste de Nevada, con el propósito de identificar los agentes de sedimento en los sitios pantanosos. Los restos de pescado de Stillwater permitieron observar limitadas modificaciones de las superficies—cortes, quemaduras, el grabado digestivo y manchas—y, por eso, estos atributos no fueron indicadores útiles del origen. Las estadísticas reconstruidas de la mortalidad de los peces utilizando el andlisis regresivo del tamaño del cuerpo indican una selección cultural de los peces pequeños/jóvenes más bien que una muerte natural masiva catastrófica. El bajo indice de supervivencia de vértebra de los cachos (Gila bicolor) sugiere un tratamiento diferencial de las partes craneales y poscraneales del cuerpo por los agentes culturales. La colección de la pesquería de Stillwater representa un número enorme de peces pequeños; la presencia de pequeños cachos tui de sitios arqueológicos por todo la Gran Cuenca occidental sugiere que los pescadores prehistóricos estaban más interesados en los cachos relativamente pequeños para su sustento.

Type
Reports
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 61 , Issue 4 , October 1996 , pp. 699 - 717
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 1996

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