Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-qks25 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-16T12:29:52.920Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Tradition and Change in Two Archaeologies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Albert E. Glock
Albert E. Glock*
Affiliation:
Bir Zeit University, P.O. Box 14, Bir Zeit, West Bank, Israel, or P.O. Box 19096, Jerusalem, Israel 91190
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The Middle East has had considerable experience ingesting western cultural influence. The Hellenism of Alexander (fourth century B.C.) slowly metamorphosed into the Byzantinism of Justinian (seventh century A.D.). Two conclusions are suggested. Western cultural seed on eastern soil matures slowly and best in selected locations, and eventually a distinctive new style emerges, accommodating the needs and incorporating the traditions of the Middle East.

Type
Research Article
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 50 , Issue 2 , April 1985 , pp. 464 - 477
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 1985

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Adams, R. M. 1974. The Mesopotamian Social Landscape : A View from the Frontier. In Reconstructing Complex Societies : An Archaeological Colloquium, edited by Moore, C. B., pp. 1–11. Supplement to the Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 20. American Schools of Oriental Research, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Adams, R. M. 1981 Heartland of Cities : Surveys of Ancient Settlement and Land Use on the Central Flood Plain of the Euphrates. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Aharoni, Y. 1975 Investigations at Lachish : The Sanctuary and the Residency (Lachish V). Gateway Publishers Inc. Google Scholar
Aviv, Tel 1976 Nothing Early and Nothing Late : Rewriting Israel's Conquest. Biblical Archaeologist 39(2) : 55–76.Google Scholar
Albright, W. F. 1932 The Archaeology of Palestine and the Bible. Fleming H. Revell, London.Google Scholar
Albright, W. F. 1940 From the Stone Age to Christianity. The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore. (2nd ed., Doubleday Anchor Books, 1957.)Google Scholar
Amiran, R. 1978 Early Arad : The Chalcolithic Settlement and Early Bronze City. The Israel Exploration Society, Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Arnold, D. E. 1985 Ceramic Theory : A Systems Approach to Cultural Process. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, in press.Google Scholar
Avigad, N. 1983 Discovering Jerusalem. Israel Exploration Society, Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Besant, W. 1886 Twenty-one Years’ Work in the Holy Land. Palestine Exploration Fund, London.Google Scholar
Binford, L. R. 1962 Archaeology as Anthropology. American Antiquity 28 : 217–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Binford, L. R. 1964 A Consideration of Archaeological Research Design. American Antiquity 29 : 425–441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Binford, L. R. 1972 An Archaeological Perspective. Seminar Press, New York.Google Scholar
Binford, L. R. 1983 Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Binford, L. R. (editor) 1977 For Theory Building in Archaeology. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Braidwood, R. J. 1937 Mounds in the Plain of Antioch. Oriental Institute Publications 48. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago (Microfiche).Google Scholar
Braidwood, R. J., and Braidwood, L. S. 1960 Excavations in the Plain of Antioch, I. Oriental Institute Publications 61. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Braidwood, R. J., and Howe, B. 1960 Prehistoric Investigations in Iraqi Kurdistan. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilizations, No. 31. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Bright, J. 1956 Early Israel in Recent History Writing. Studies in Biblical Theology, No. 19. Alec R. Allenson, Chicago.Google Scholar
Broshi, M., and Gophna, R. 1984 The Settlements and Population of Palestine During the Early Bronze Age II-III. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 253 : 41–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, J. A. 1971 Introduction. In Approaches to the Social Dimensions of Mortuary Practices, edited by Brown, J. A., pp. 1–5. Memoir 25. Society for American Archaeology, Washington, D. C. Google Scholar
Brown, J. A. 1981 The Search for Rank in Prehistoric Burials. In The Archeology of Death, edited by Chapman, R., Kinnes, I, and Randsborg, K., pp. 25–37. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Bullard, R. 1970 Geological Studies in Field Archaeology. Biblical Archaeologist 33(4) : 98–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, D. L. 1978 Analytical Archaeology. 2nd ed. revised by Chapman, B.. Methuen & Co., London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clermont-Ganneau, C. 1875 The Arabs in Palestine. Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement, pp. 199–214.Google Scholar
Cohen, R. 1981 Archaeological Survey of Israel : Map of Sede Boqer-East (168). Archaeological Survey of Israel, Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Dalman, G. 1928-1942 Arbeit und Sitte in Palaestina. 7 vols. Verlag von C. Bertelsmann, Guetersloh.Google Scholar
Deagen, K. 1982 Avenues of Inquiry in Historical Archaeology. In Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, vol. 5, edited by Schiffer, M. B.. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
DeBoer, W. R. 1983 The Archaeological Record as Preserved Death Assemblage. In Archaeological Hammers and Theories, edited by Moore, J. A. and Keene, A. S., pp. 19–36. Academic Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deetz, J. 1977 In Small Things Forgotten : The Archaeology of Early American Life. Anchor Books, New York.Google Scholar
DeVaux, R. 1961 Ancient Israel : Its Life and Institutions. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York.Google Scholar
Dever, W. G. 1974 Archaeology and Biblical Studies : Retrospects and Prospects. Seabury-Western, Evanston.Google Scholar
Dever, W. G. 1981 The Impact of the “New Archaeology” on Syro-Palestinian Archaeology. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 242 : 15–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dever, W. G., Lance, H. D., and Wright, G. E. 1970 Gezer I : Preliminary Report of the 1964-66 Seasons. Annual of the Hebrew Union College Biblical and Archeological School in Jerusalem. Hebrew Union College, Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Donahue, J. 1981 Geologic Investigations at Early Bronze Sites. In The Southeastern Dead Sea Plain Expedition : An Interim Report of the 1977 Season. The Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research, vol. 46. The American Schools of Oriental Research, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Dothan, T. 1979 Excavations at the Cemetery of Deir El-Balah. Qedem 10. The Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University, Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Dunnell, R. C. 1971 Systematics in Prehistory. The Free Press, New York.Google Scholar
Dunnell, R. C. 1980 Evolutionary Theory and Archaeology. In Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, vol. 3, edited by Schiffer, M. B., pp. 35–99. Academic Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitzhugh, W. W. 1972 Environmental Archaeology and Cultural Systems in Hamilton Inlet, Labrador : A Survey of the Central Labrador Coast from 3000 B. C. to the Present. Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology, No. 16. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C. Google Scholar
Flannery, K. V. 1973 Archaeology with a Capital S. In Research and Theory in Current Archaeology, edited by Redman, C., pp. 47–53. Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Fowler, D. D. 1982 Cultural Resources Management. In Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, vol. 5, edited by Schiffer, M. B., pp. 1–50. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Franken, H. 1969 Excavations at Tell Deir ‘Alia I : A Stratigraphical and Analytical Study of the Early Iron Age Pottery. E. J. Brill, Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gifford, D. 1978 Ethnoarchaeological Observations of Natural Processes Affecting Cultural Materials. In Explorations in Ethnoarchaeology, edited by Gould, R., pp. 77–101. A School of American Research Book. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Gifford, D. 1980 Ethnoarchaeological Contributions to the Taphonomy of Human Sites. In Fossils in the Making : Vertebrate Taphonomy and Paleoecology, edited by Behrensmeyer, A. K. and Hill, A. P., pp. 93–106. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Gladfelter, B. G. 1981 Developments and Directions in Geoarchaeology. In Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, vol. 4, edited by Schiffer, M. B., pp. 343–364. Academic Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glassie, H. 1975 Folk Housing in Middle Virginia. University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville.Google Scholar
Glassow, M. A. 1978 The Concept of Carrying Capacity in the Study of Culture Process. In Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, vol. 1, edited by Schiffer, M. B., pp. 31–48. Academic Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glock, A. E. 1976 Biblical Archaeology : An Emerging Discipline. In The Archaeology of Jordan and Other Studies : Essays in Honor of Siegfried Horn, edited by Geraty, L. T., pp. 67–86. Andrews University Press, Berrien Springs.Google Scholar
Glock, A. E. 1982 Ceramic Ethno-Techniculture. In Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan I, edited by Hadidi, A., pp. 145–151. Department of Antiquities, Amman.Google Scholar
Glock, A. E. 1983 The Use of Ethnography in an Archaeological Research Design. In The Quest for the Kingdom of God : Studies in Honor of George E. Mendenhall, edited by Huffmon, H. B., Spina, F. A., and Green, A. R. W., pp. 171–179. Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake.Google Scholar
Glueck, N. 1940 The Other Side of the Jordan. American Schools of Oriental Research, New Haven.Google Scholar
Glueck, N. 1959 Rivers in the Desert : A History of the Negev. Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, New York.Google Scholar
Goldberg, P. 1977 Late Quaternary Stratigraphy of Gebel Maghara. In Prehistoric Investigations in Gebel Maghara, Northern Sinai, edited by Bar-Yosef, O. and Phillips, J. L., pp. 11–31. Qedem 7. Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University, Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Goldberg, P., and Bar-Yosef, O. 1982 Environmental and Archaeological Evidence for Climatic Change in the Southern Levant. In Paleoclimates, Paleo-Environments and Human Communities in the Eastern Mediterranean Region in Later Prehistory, edited by Bintliff, J. L. and Van, W. Zeist, Part 2. BAR International Series 133(h).Google Scholar
Goodyear, A. G, Raab, L. M., and Klinger, T. C. 1978 The Status of Archaeological Research Design in Cultural Resource Management. American Antiquity 43 : 159–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gophna, R. 1978 Archaeological Survey of the Central Coastal Plain, 1977. Preliminary Report. Tel Aviv 5(3-4) : 136–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gophna, R., and Beck, P. 1981 The Rural Aspect of the Settlement Pattern of the Coastal Plain in the Middle Bronze Age II. Tel Aviv 8(1) : 45–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gould, R. A., and Schiffer, M. B. (editors) 1981 Modern Material Culture : The Archaeology of Us. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Gould, R. A., and Watson, P. J. 1982 A Dialogue on the Meaning and Use of Analogy in Ethno-archaeological Reasoning. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 1(4) : 355–381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grant, E. 1921 The People of Palestine : An Enlarged Edition of “The Peasantry of Palestine, Life, Manners and Customs of the Village. ” J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Hadidi, A. 1978 Archaeology and Politics. Annual of the Department of Antiquities, vol. 22 : 6–11 (In Arabic).Google Scholar
Hall, M. 1984 The Burden of Tribalism : The Social Context of Southern African Iron Age Studies. American Antiquity 49 : 455–467.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, M. 1968 The Rise of Anthropological Theory : A History of Theories of Culture. Harper & Row, New York.Google Scholar
Harris, M. 1979 Cultural Materialism : The Struggle for a Science of Culture. Random House, New York.Google Scholar
Hassan, F. A. 1979 Geoarchaeology : The Geologist and Archaeology. American Antiquity 44 : 267–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helbaek, H. 1958 Plant Economy in Ancient Lachish. In Lachish IV : The Bronze Age, by Tufnell, O., pp. 309–317. Oxford University Press, London.Google Scholar
Herzog, Z. 1983 Enclosed Settlements in the Negeb and the Wilderness of Beer-Sheba. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 250 : 41–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, J. N. 1970 Broken K Pueblo : Prehistoric Social Organization in the American Southwest. Anthropology Papers of the University of Arizona, No. 18. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Hole, F. 1978 Pastoral Nomadism in Western Iran. In Explorations in Ethnoarchaeology, edited by Gould, R., pp. 127–167. A School of American Research Book. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Hole, F. 1979 Rediscovering the Past in the Present : Ethnoarchaeology in Luristan, Iran. In Ethnoarchaeology : Implications of Ethnography for Archaeology, edited by Kramer, C., pp. 192–218. Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Hole, F., Flannery, K. V., and Neely, J. A. 1968 Prehistory and Human Ecology of the Deh Luran Plain : An Early Village Sequence from Khurzistan, Iran. Memoirs of the Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, No. 1. Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Hopf, M. 1983 Jericho Plant Remains. In Jericho V : The Pottery Phases of the Tell and Other Finds, by Kenyon, K. M. and Holland, T. A., pp. 576–621. The British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem, London.Google Scholar
Ibrahim, M., Sauer, J., and Yassine, K. 1976 The East Jordan Valley Survey, 1975. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 222 : 41–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobs, L. 1979 Tell-i Nun : Archaeological Implications of a Village in Transition. In Ethnoarchaeology : Implications of Ethnography for Archaeology, edited by Kramer, C., pp. 175–191. Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Jelinek, A. J., Farrand, W. R., Haas, G., Horowitz, A., and Goldberg, P. 1973 New Excavations at the Tabun Cave, Mount Carmel, Israel, 1967-1972 : A Preliminary Report. Paleorient l(2) : 151-m. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jochim, M. A. 1976 Hunter-Gatherer Subsistence and Settlement : A Predictive Model. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Jochim, M. A. 1981 Strategies for Survival : Cultural Behavior in an Ecological Context. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Johnson, G. A. 1977 Aspects of Regional Analysis in Archaeology. In Annual Review of Anthropology, vol. 6, edited by Siegel, B. J., pp. 479–508. Annual Reviews, Palo Alto.Google Scholar
Kelso, J. L., and Thorley, J. P. 1943 The Potter's Technique at Tell Beit Mirsim, Particularly in Stratum A. In The Excavations of Tell Beit Mirsim, vol. III : The Iron Age, by Albright, W. F., pp. 86–142. The Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research, vols. 21-22. American Schools of Oriental Research, New Haven.Google Scholar
Kent, S. 1984 Analyzing Activity Areas : An Ethnoarchaeological Study of the Use of Space. The University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Klejn, L. S. 1977 A Panorama of Theoretical Archaeology. Current Anthropology 18(1) : 1–42. (See corrections in 18(2) : 371–372.)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohl, P. L. 1981 Materialist Approaches in Prehistory. In Annual Review of Anthropology, vol. 10, edited by Siegel, B. J., pp. 89–118. Annual Reviews, Palo Alto.Google Scholar
Kohl, P. L. 1984 Force, History and the Evolutionist Paradigm. In Marxist Perspectives in Archaeology, edited by Spriggs, M., pp. 127–134. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Kramer, C. 1982 Village Ethnoarchaeology : Rural Iran in Archaeological Perspective. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
La Bianca, O. 1978 Man, Animals, and Habitat at Hesban— An Integrated Overview. Andrews University Seminary Studies 16(1) : 229–252.Google Scholar
Lapp, P. 1965 Tell el-Ful. Biblical Archaeologist 28 : 2–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lapp, P. 1966 The Dhahr Mirzbaneh Tombs : Three Intermediate Bronze Age Cemeteries in Jordan. American Schools of Oriental Research, New Haven.Google Scholar
Leone, M. 1977 Foreword. In Research Strategies in Historical Archaeology, edited by South, S., pp. xvii-xxi. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Leone, M. 1981 The Relationship Between Artifacts and the Public in Outdoor History Museums. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 376 : 301–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leone, M. 1982 Childe's Offspring. In Symbolic and Structural Archaeology, edited by Hodder, I., pp. 179–184. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levy, T. E., and Alon, D. 1982 The Chalcolithic Mortuary Site near Mezad Aluf, Northern Negev Desert : A Preliminary Study. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 248 : 37–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Longacre, W. A. 1970 Archaeology as Anthropology : A Case Study. Anthropology Papers of the University of Arizona, No. 17. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Longacre, W. A. 1974 Kalinga Pottery-making : The Evolution of a Research Design. In Frontiers in Anthropology, edited by Leaf, M. J., pp. 51–67. Van Nostrand, New York.Google Scholar
Longacre, W. A. 1981 Kalinga Pottery : An Ethnoarchaeological Study. In Patterns of the Past : Studies in Honour of David Clarke, edited by Hodder, I., Isaac, G, and Hammond, N., pp. 49–66. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Mac Neish, R. S. 1978 The Science of Archaeology? Duxbury Press, North Scituate, Mass.Google Scholar
Malamat, A. 1979 Israelite Conduct of War in the Conquest of Canaan. In Symposia Celebrating the Seventy-Fifth Anniversary of the Founding of the American Schools of Oriental Research [1900-1975], edited by Cross, F. M., pp. 35–55. American Schools of Oriental Research, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Matson, F. (editor) 1965 Ceramics and Man. Aldine, Chicago.Google Scholar
Mazar, A. 1980 Excavations at Tell Qasile. Part one. The Philistine Sanctuary. Qedem 12. Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University, Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Mazar, A. 1984 Archaeological Research on the Period of the Monarchy (Iron Age II). In Recent Archaeology in the Land of Israel, edited by Shanks, H. and Mazar, B., pp. 43–57. Biblical Archaeology Society, Washington, D. C. Google Scholar
McDonald, W. A., and Rapp, G. R. Jr., (editors) 1972 The Minnesota Messenia Expedition : Reconstructing a Bronze Age Regional Environment. The University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.Google Scholar
Meltzer, D. J. 1981 Ideology and Material Culture. In Modern Material Culture : The Archaeology of Us, edited by Gould, R. A. and Schiffer, M. B., pp. 113–125. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Moore, C. B. 1974 Reconstructing Complex Societies : An Archaeological Colloquium. Supplement to the Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 20. American Schools of Oriental Research, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Netting, R. M. 1977 Cultural Ecology. Benjamin/Commings, Menlo Park.Google Scholar
Netzer, E. 1981 Greater Herodium. Qedem 13. Institute of Archaeology. Hebrew University, Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Olami, Y. 1981 Archaeological Survey of Israel : Daliya Map (31). Archaeological Survey of Israel, Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Olami, Y. 1984 Prehistoric Carmel. Israel Exploration Society, Jerusalem.Google Scholar
O' Shea, J. O. 1981 Social Configurations and the Archaeological Study of Mortuary Practices : A Case Study. In The Archaeology of Death, edited by Chapman, R., Kinnes, I, and Randsborg, K., pp. 39–52. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
O' Shea, J. O. 1984 Mortuary Variability : An Archaeological Investigation. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Portugali, Y. 1982 A Field Methodology for Regional Archaeology (The Jezreel Valley Survey, 1981). Tel Aviv 9(2) : 170–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raban, A. 1982 Archaeological Survey of Israel : Nahalal Map (28). Archaeological Survey of Israel, Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Rast, W. E., and Schaub, R. T. 1981 Introduction. In The Southeastern Dead Sea Plain Expedition : An Interim Report of the 1977 Season, edited by Rast, W. E. and Schaub, R. T., pp. 1–5. Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 46. American Schools of Oriental Research, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Redman, C, Curtin, E., Versaggi, N., and Wanser, J. 1978 Social Archaeology : The Future of the Past. In Social Archaeology : Beyond Subsistence and Dating, edited by Redman, C. et al., pp. 1–17. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Redman, C. L., and Watson, P. J. 1970 Systematic, Intensive Surface Collection. American Antiquity 35 : 279–291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reisner, G. A., Fisher, C. S., and Lyon, D. G. 1924 Harvard Excavations at Samaria 1908-1910. 2 vols. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Rice, P. M. (editor) 1984 Pots and Potters : Current Approaches in Ceramic Archaeology. Monograph 24. Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Ronen, A., and Olami, Y. 1978 Archaeology Survey of Israel : ‘Atlit Map. Archaeological Survey of Israel, Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Rouse, I. 1939 Prehistory in Haiti : A Study in Method. Yale University Publications in Anthropology, No. 21. (Reprinted by Human Relations Area Files Inc., 1964.)Google Scholar
Sabloff, J. A. (editor) 1981 Simulations in Archaeology. A School of American Research Book. University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Salmon, M. H. 1982 Philosophy and Archaeology. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Schiffer, M. B. 1978 Methodological Issues in Ethnoarchaeology. In Explorations in Ethnoarchaeology, edited by Gould, R. A., pp. 229–247. A School of American Research Book. University of New Mexico Press, Abuquerque.Google Scholar
Schiffer, M. B. 1983 Toward the Identification of Formation Processes. American Antiquity 48 : 675–706.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schuldenrein, J., and Goldberg, P. 1981 Late Quaternary Paleoenvironments and Prehistoric Site Distribution in the Lower Jordan Valley : A Preliminary Report. Paleorient 7(1) : 57–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seger, J. D., and Borowski, O. 1977 The First Two Seasons at Tell Halif. Biblical Archaeologist 40(4) : 156–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shanks, H. 1983 BAR Interviews Yigael Yadin. Biblical Archaeology Review 9 : 16–23.Google Scholar
Shay, T. 1983 Burial Customs at Jericho in the Intermediate Bronze Age : A Componential Analysis. Tel Aviv 10(1) : 26–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shiloh, Y. 1980 The Population of Iron Age Palestine in the Light of a Sample Analysis of Urban Plans, Areas, and Population Density. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 239 : 25–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, P. 1972 Diet and Attrition in the Natufians. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 37(2) : 233–238.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
South, S. 1977a Method and Theory in Historical Archaeology. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
South, S. 1977b Research Strategies in Historical Archaeology : The Scientific Paradigm. In Research Strategies in Historical Archaeology, edited by South, S., pp. 1–12. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Steponaitis, V. P. 1983 Ceramics, Chronology, and Community Patterns : An Archaeological Study of Moundville. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Stern, E. 1978 Excavations at Tel Mevorakh (1973-1976). Qedem 9. Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University, Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Stern, E. 1980 Tel Dor, 1980. Israel Exploration Journal 30(3-4) : 209–213.Google Scholar
Steward, J. 1955 Theory of Culture Change : The Methodology of Multilinear Evolution. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.Google Scholar
Steward, R. B. 1979 Archaeobotanic Studies at Tell el-Hesi. Economic Botany 32(4) : 379–386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trigger, B. 1980 Archaeology and the Image of the American Indian. American Antiquity 45 : 662–676.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsafrir, Y. 1984 Ancient Churches. In Recent Archaeology in the Land of Israel, edited by Shanks, H. and Mazar, B., pp. 97–107. Biblical Archaeology Society, Washington, D. C. Google Scholar
Walker, I. C. 1967 Historic Archaeology— Methods and Principles. Historical Archaeology 1967(1) : 23–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallon, R. 1979 An Archaeological Survey of the Keban Reservoir Area of East-Central Turkey. Memoirs of the Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, No. 11. Ann Arbor.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, P. J. 1973a The Future of Archeology in Anthropology : Culture History and Social Science. In Research and Theory in Current Archaeology, edited by Redman, C., pp. 113–124. John Wiley & Sons, New York.Google Scholar
Watson, P. J. 1973b Explanations and Models : The Prehistorian as Philosopher of Science and the Prehistorian as Excavator of the Past. In The Explanation of Culture Change : Models in Prehistory, edited by Renfrew, C., pp. 47–52. Duckworth, London.Google Scholar
Watson, P. J. 1979a The Idea of Ethnoarchaeology : Notes and Comments. In Ethnoarchaeology : Implications of Ethnography for Archaeology, edited by Kramer, C., pp. 277–287. Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Watson, P. J. 1979b Archaeological Ethnography in Western Iran. Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology, No. 57. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Watson, P. J. 1980 The Theory and Practice of Ethnoarchaeology with Special Reference to the Near East. Paleorient 6 : 55–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, P. J., LeBlanc, S. A., and Redman, C. L. 1971 Explanation in Archeology : An Explicitly Scientific Approach. Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Watson, P. J., LeBlanc, S. A., and Redman, C. L. 1984 Archeological Explanation : The Scientific Method in Archeology. Columbia University Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whittlesey, S. M., Arnould, E., and Reynolds, W. 1982 Archaeological Sediments : Discourse, Experiment, and Application. In Multidisciplinary Research at Grasshopper Pueblo, Arizona, edited by Longacre, W. A., Holbrook, S. J., and Graves, M. W., pp. 28–35. Anthropology Papers of the University of Arizona, No. 40. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Wilmsen, E. N., and Roberts, F. H. H. Jr., 1978 Lindenmeier, 1934-1974 : Concluding Report on Investigations. Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology, No. 24. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C. Google Scholar
Wright, G. A. 1978 Social Differentiation in the Early Natufian. In Social Archaeology : Beyond Subsistence and Dating, edited by Redman, C. et al., pp. 201–223. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Wright, G. E. 1959 Is Glueck's Aim to Prove the Bible Is True? Biblical Archaeologist 22(4) : 101–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, G. E. 1965 Shechem : The Biography of a Biblical City. McGraw-Hill, New York.Google Scholar
Wylie, M. A. 1982 An Analogy by Any Other Name Is Just as Analogical. A Commentary on the Gould-Watson Dialogue. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 1(4) : 382–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yadin, Y. 1970 Megiddo of the Kings of Israel. The Biblical Archaeologist 33(3) : 66–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yadin, Y. 1972 Hazor. The Schweich Lectures. Oxford University Press, London.Google Scholar
Yadin, Y., et al. 1958 Hazor I : An Account of the First Season of Excavations, 1955. The Magnes Press, Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Yassine, K. 1984 Tell El Mazar I : Cemetery A. The University of Jordan, Amman.Google Scholar