Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-qs9v7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-08T09:28:36.826Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A Preliminary Definition of Archaeological Areas and Periods in Florida

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2017

John M. Goggin*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Yale Peabody Museum, New Haven, Conn.

Extract

The state of Florida is mainly a peninsula projecting some three hundred miles south of the continental North American land mass. This unique position has given the state a certain amount of isolation, as a result of which, and because of environmental factors, Florida has been able to participate in the Southeastern cultural picture and at the same time to develop characteristic local features.

Although Florida has had a long history of archaeological research, with an impressive bibliography of descriptive material, synthesis has only recently been attempted. Some early attempts were made to divide the state into archaeological areas but none were of any significance until M. W. Stirling's recent four-fold division into the Gulf Coast, Glades, St. Johns, and Northern Highland areas. This division has been found, in general, to be useful, needing only greater refinement.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 1947

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anonymous 1939. “Notes on Two Interesting Mounds Excavated in Hillsborough County.” Third Biennial Report, Florida State Board of Conservation, Geological and Archaeological Division, pp. 25-30, Tallahassee.Google Scholar
Bartram, William 1791. Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida… . Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Brower, Charles De Wolfe 1906. “The Shell Heaps of Florida.” Records of the Past, Vol. 5, pp. 331-8. Washington.Google Scholar
Butler, Amos W. 1917. “Observations on Some Shellmounds of the Eastern Coast of Florida.” Proceedings, 19th International Congress of Americanists, pp. 104-7. Washington.Google Scholar
Calkins, W. V. 1878. “Some Notes on Personal Investigations among the Shell Mounds of Florida.” Proceedings, Davenport Academy of Natural Science, Vol. 2, pp. 225-9. Davenport, Iowa.Google Scholar
Collins, Henry B. Jr. 1929. “The ‘Lost’ Calusa Indians of Southwestern Florida.” SI-EFW for 1928, pp. 151-6.Google Scholar
Conklin, A. W. 1875. “Ancient Mounds of Interior Florida.” Forest and Stream, Vol. 6, pp. 329-31. New York.Google Scholar
Cushing, Frank H. 1897. “Exploration of Ancient Key Dwellers’ Remains on the Gulf Coast of Florida.” Proceedings, American Philosophical Society, Vol. 35, pp. 329—448. Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Dall, William H. 1885. “Memorandum on the Mounds at Satsuma and Enterprise, Florida.” American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 1, pp. 184-9. Baltimore.Google Scholar
Douglass, Andrew E. 1885. “Some Characteristics of the Indian Earth and Shell Mounds on the Atlantic Coast of Florida.” AAnn, Vol. 7, pp. 7482, 140-7.Google Scholar
Fairbanks, Charles H. 1946. “The Kolomoki Mound Group, Early County, Georgia.” AAn, Vol. 11, pp. 258-60.Google Scholar
Featherstonhaugh, T. 1899. “The Mound-Builders of Central Florida.” Publications, Southern History Association, Vol. 3, pp. 1-14. Washington.Google Scholar
Fewkes, Jesse Walter 1924a. “Archaeological Field Work in Florida.” SIEFW for 1923, pp. 8898.Google Scholar
Fewkes, Jesse Walter 1924b. “Preliminary Archaeological Explorations at Weeden Island, Florida.” Smithsonian Institution, Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 76, No. 13. Washington.Google Scholar
Gidley, James W. 1929. “Ancient Man in Florida: Further Investigations.” Bulletin, Geological Society of America, Vol. 40, pp. 491502. New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gillman, Henry 1878. “A Vessel of Glazed Pottery Taken from a Tumulus in Florida.” American Naturalist, Vol. 12, pp. 821-2. Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Gillman, Henry 1879. “Remarkable Burial Custom from a Mound in Florida—The Cranium Utilized as a Cinerary Urn.” Proceedings, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Vol. 27, pp. 309—11. Salem.Google Scholar
Gleck, U. F. 1894. “A Florida Shell Mound.Proceedings, Indiana Academy of Science, Vol. 4, pp. 48-9. Indianapolis.Google Scholar
Goggin, John M. 1939. “A Ceramic Sequence in South Florida.New Mexico Anthropologist, Vol. 3, pp. 3540. Albuquerque.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goggin, John M. 1940. “The Distribution of Pottery Wares in the Glades Archaeological Area of South Florida.” New Mexico Anthropologist, Vol. 4, pp. 2233. Albuquerque.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goggin, John M. 1941. “Some Problems of the Glades Archaeological Area.News Letter, Southeastern Archaeological Conference, Vol. 2, pp. 24-6. Lexington, Kentucky.Google Scholar
Goggin, John M. 1944a. A Tentative Formulation of Pottery Types for the Glades Area. New Haven. (Mimeographed.)Google Scholar
Goggin, John M. 1944b. “Archaeological Investigations on the Upper Florida Keys.” Tequesta, No. 4, pp. 1335. Coral Gables, Florida.Google Scholar
Goggin, John M. 1947a. “Manifestations of a South Florida Cult in Northwestern Florida.” AAn, Vol. 13, pp. 273-6.Google Scholar
Goggin, John M. 1947b. The Archaeology of the Glades Area, Southern Florida. Manuscript, Yale Peabody Museum, New Haven.Google Scholar
Goggin, John M., and Sommer, Frank 1947. Excavations on Upper Matecumbe Key, Florida. Manuscript, Yale Peabody Museum, New Haven.Google Scholar
Greenman, Emerson F. 1938. “Hopewellian Traits in Florida.AAn, Vol. 3, pp. 327-32.Google Scholar
Griffin, James B. 1945. “The Significance of the Fiber-Tempered Pottery of the St. Johns Area in Florida.” Journal, Washington Academy of Science, Vol. 35, pp. 218—23. Menasha.Google Scholar
Griffin, James B. 1946. “Cultural Change and Continuity in Eastern United States Archaeology.” Papers, Robert S. Peabody Foundation for Archaeology, Vol. 3, pp. 3795. Andover.Google Scholar
Griffin, John W. 1946. “Historic Artifacts and the Buzzard Cult in Florida.” Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 24, pp. 295301. St. Augustine.Google Scholar
Hale, E. M. 1887. “A Prehistoric Amphitheatre in Florida,” AAnn, Vol. 9, pp. 207-11.Google Scholar
Higgs, Charles D. 1942. “Spanish Contacts with the Ais (Indian River) Country.Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 21, pp. 2539. St. Augustine.Google Scholar
Hitchcock, C. H. 1902. “The Hernandes Shell-Heap, Ormond, Florida.Science, Vol. 16, p. 203. New York.Google Scholar
HrdličKa, Ales. 1922. “The Anthropology of Florida.” Publication, Florida State Historical Society, No. 1. De Land, Florida.Google Scholar
Jenks, Albert E., and Mrs.Simpson, H. H. Sr. 1941. “Beveled Artifacts in Florida of the Same Type as Artifacts Found Near Clovis, New Mexico.” AAn, Vol. 6, pp. 314-9.Google Scholar
Kinnaman, J. O. 1912. “Mounds of Florida.” AAnn, Vol. 34, pp. 215-7.Google Scholar
Krieger, Alex D. 1947. “The Eastward Extension of Puebloan Datings toward Cultures of the Mississippi Valley.” AAn, Vol. 12, pp. 141-8.Google Scholar
Lente, Frederick D. 1877. “The Mounds of Florida.” Reprinted from Semi-TroPlcal, March-April. Jacksonville, Florida.Google Scholar
Martin, Paul; Quimby, George; and Collier, Donald 1947. Indians before Columbus, Twenty Thousand Years of North American History Revealed by Archaeology. Chicago.Google Scholar
Masius, Vera M. 1947. Chronology at South Indian Field, Florida. Manuscript, Yale Peabody Museum, New Haven.Google Scholar
Mayberry, S. P. 1878. “Shell Heaps at the Mouth of St. John's River, Florida.” SI-AR for 1877, pp. 305-6.Google Scholar
Moore, Clarence B. 1894, “Certain Sand Mounds of the St. Johns River, Florida, Part II.“ ANS-J, Vol. 10, pp. 129246.Google Scholar
Moore, Clarence B. 1895. “Certain Sand Mounds of Duval County, Florida.” ANS-J, Vol. 10, pp. 449502.Google Scholar
Moore, Clarence B. 1898. “A Cache of Pendant Ornaments.ANS-J, Vol. 11, pp. 189-91.Google Scholar
Moore, Clarence B. 1900. “Certain Antiquities of the Florida West Coast.” ANS-J, Vol. 11, pp. 351-94.Google Scholar
Moore, Clarence B. 1901. “Certain Aboriginal Remains of the Northwest Florida Coast, Part I.ANS-J, Vol. 11, pp. 421-97.Google Scholar
Moore, Clarence B. 1902. “Certain Aboriginal Remains of the Northwest Florida Coast, Part II.“ ANS-J, Vol. 12, pp. 127358.Google Scholar
Moore, Clarence B. 1903a. “Certain Aboriginal Mounds of the Apalachicola River.” ANS-J, Vol. 12, pp. 441-92.Google Scholar
Moore, Clarence B. 1903b. “Certain Aboriginal Mounds of the Central Florida West Coast.” ANS-J, Vol. 12, pp. 363438.Google Scholar
Moore, Clarence B. 1905. “Miscellaneous Investigations in Florida.“ ANS-J, Vol. 13, pp. 299325.Google Scholar
Moore, Clarence B. 1907a. “Crystal River Revisited.ANS-J, Vol. 13, 407-25.Google Scholar
Moore, Clarence B. 1907b. “Mounds of the Lower Chattahoochee and Lower Flint Rivers.” ANS-J, Vol. 13, pp. 427-56.Google Scholar
Moore, Clarence B. 1907c. “Notes on the Ten Thousand Islands.ANS-J, Vol. 13, pp. 458-70.Google Scholar
Moore, Clarence B. 1918. “The Northwestern Florida Coast Revisited.ANS-J, Vol. 16, pp. 515-77.Google Scholar
Moore, Clarence B. 1922. “Mound Investigations on the East Coast of Florida.” Indian Notes and Monographs, Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, Miscellaneous Papers, No. 26, pp. 34-49, New York.Google Scholar
Nelson, Nels C. 1918. “Chronology in Florida.Anthropological Papers, American Museum of Natural History, Vol. 22, pp. 75103. New York.Google Scholar
Rainey, Froelich G. 1935. “An Indian Burial Site at Crystal River, Florida.” Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 13, pp. 185-92. Tallahassee.Google Scholar
Rouse, Irving 1947. South Indian Field: a Stratified Site near Melbourne, Florida. Manuscript, Yale Peabody Museum, New Haven.Google Scholar
Schoolcraft, Henry R. 1854. “Antique Pottery from the Minor Mounds Occupied by the Indians in Feasts to the Dead, on the Sea-Coasts of Florida and Georgia.” In Information Respecting the History, Condition and Prospects of the Indian Tribes of the United States, Part III, pp. 75-82. Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Sellards, E. H. 1916. “Human Remains and Associated Fossils from the Pleistocene of Florida.” 8th Annual Report, Florida Geological Survey, pp. 121-60. Tallahassee.Google Scholar
Sellards, E. H. 1937. “The Vero Finds in the Light of Present Knowledge.” In Early Man, George Grant Mac-Curdy, Editor, pp. 193-210. Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Simpson, J. Clarence 1936. “Report on Activities in Hillsborough County.” Second Biennial Report, Florida State Board of Conservation, pp. 109-16. Tallahassee.Google Scholar
Sleight, F. W. 1943. “Archaeological Needs for Florida.AAn, Vol. 8, pp. 387-91.Google Scholar
Stirling, Matthew W. 1931. “Mounds of the Vanished Calusa Indians of Florida.” SI-EFW for 1930, pp. 167-72.Google Scholar
Stirling, Matthew W. 1935. “Smithsonian Archaeological Projects Conducted under the Federal EmPloyment Relief Act in 1933-34.SI-AR for 1934, pp. 371400.Google Scholar
Stirling, Matthew W. 1936. “Florida Cultural Affiliations in Relation to Adjacent Areas.” In Essays in Anthropology in Honor of Alfred Louis Kroeber, pp. 351-7. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Thomas, Cyrus 1894. “Report on the Mound ExPlorations of the Bureau of Ethnology.” Annual Report Bureau of American Ethnology, No. 12. Washington.Google Scholar
Walker, S. T. 1880a. “Report on the Shell Heaps of Tampa Bay, Florida.SI-AR for 1879, pp. 413-22.Google Scholar
Walker, S. T. 1880b. “Preliminary ExPlorations among the Indian Mounds in Southern Florida.SI-AR for 1879, pp. 392413.Google Scholar
Walker, S. T. 1883. “The Aborigines of Florida,” SI-AR for 1881, pp. 677-80.Google Scholar
Webb, De Witt 1893. “The Shell Heaps of the East Coast of Florida.Proceedings, United States National Museum, Vol. 16, pp. 695-8. Washington.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willey, Gordon R. 1945a. “The Weeden Island Culture; A Preliminary Definition.AAn, Vol. 10, pp. 225-54.Google Scholar
Willey, Gordon R. 1945b. Excavations in Southeast Florida. Manuscript, Yale Peabody Museum, New Haven.Google Scholar
Willey, Gordon R., and Phillips, Phillip 1944. “Negative-Painted Pottery from Crystal River, Florida.” AAn, Vol. 10, pp. 173-85.Google Scholar
Willey, Gordon R., and Woodbury, R. B. 1942. “A Chronological Outline for the Northwest Florida Coast.” AAn, Vol. 7, pp. 232-54.Google Scholar
Wyman, Jeffries 1875. “Freshwater Shell Mounds of the St. John's River, Florida.” Memoir, Peabody Academy of Science, No. 4. Salem.Google Scholar