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Footprints Across the Black Rock: Temporal Variability in Prehistoric Foraging Territories and Toolstone Procurement Strategies in the Western Great Basin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Geoffrey M. Smith
Geoffrey M. Smith*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 No. Virginia Street MS0096, Reno, NV 89557 (geoffreys@unr.edu)
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Abstract

Mobility is a common theme in Paleoindian research throughout North America including in the Great Basin. One recent model based on results from the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of Paleoindian artifacts holds that early groups occupied geographically discrete foraging territories throughout the Great Basin during the terminal Pleistocene/early Holocene, ca. 11,500–7500 radiocarbon years ago (14C B.P.), that covered between 46,000 and 107,000 km2. While this model is innovative, its implications regarding Paleoindian mobility are difficult to reconcile with our knowledge of foraging populations. In this article, I evaluate the model using XRF data for 260 Paleoindian projectile points from northwest Nevada. The results fail to support the hypothesis that a single, expansive foraging territory once covered the western Great Basin. However, when compared to a sample of 1,085 projectile points from later periods (ca. 7000 14C B.P. to the historic era), data from the Paleoindian sample indicate that the foraging territories of early groups differed from those of later groups living in the same region. I suggest that these dissimilarities reflect differences in how groups moved across the landscape and procured lithic raw materials.

Resumen

Resumen

La movilidad es un tema común en las investigaciones sobre el Paleoindio alrededor de Norte América, incluyendo La Meseta. Un modelo reciente basado en resultados de análisis fluorescencia de rayos X (XRF) en artefactos del Paleoindio sostiene que grupos ocuparon tempranamente territorios discretos de recolección en La Meseta que abarcaron entre 46,000 y 107,000 km2 durante el Pleistoceno Terminal y el Holoceno Temprano, ca. 11,500–7500 años radiocarbónicos (14C A.P.). El modelo es innovador, pero sus implicancias para la mobilidad paleoindia son difíciles de reconciliar con nuestro conocimiento de poblaciones recolectoras. En este artículo, evalúo el modelo usando datos de XRF para 260 puntas de proyectil paleoindias del noroeste de Nevada. Los resultados son incapaces de apoyas la hipótesis de un único y expandido territorio de recolección que una vez ocupó el oeste de La Meseta. Sin embargo, cuando se comparan con la muestra de 1,085 puntas de proyectil de periodos más tardíos (ca. 7000 14C AP a la Era Histórica), los datos de la muestra del Paleoindio indican que los territorios de recolección de los grupos tempranos difería de aquellos grupos más tardíos que ocuparon la misma region. Sugiero que este disentimiento refleja las diferencias en cómo los grupos se movían alrededor del paisaje y se procuraban materia prima lítica.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 75 , Issue 4 , October 2010 , pp. 865 - 885
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2010

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