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Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Radiocarbon Dating of Temper in Shell-Tempered Ceramics: Test Cases from Mississippi, Southeastern United States

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Evan Peacock  and
James K. Feathers
Evan Peacock
Affiliation:
Cobb Institute of Archaeology, P.O. Box AR, Mississippi State, MS 39762 (peacock@anthro.msstate.edu)
James K. Feathers
Affiliation:
University of Washington, Department of Anthropology, Box 353100, Seattle, WA 98195-3100 (jimf@u. washington.edu)
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Abstract

Direct dating of artifacts is preferable to dating via association in most archaeological situations. In this article we describe and discuss the first application of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to directly date temper particles in shell-tempered pottery. This method can be applied to ceramics from around the world that are tempered with freshwater or marine shell. To assess the method, we examine 34 new or previously reported dates (AMS dates on shell temper, paired luminescence dates from the same ceramics, and associated radiocarbon dates on other biotic materials) from seven sites in a variety of geological settings in the state of Mississippi. The results show that a freshwater reservoir effect is present in most cases. Other potential complicating factors include variable carbon input and metabolic uptake rates over space and time and the effects of burning during temper preparation or pottery firing. Despite these problems, the method holds promise for dating surface materials, museum specimens, and burial accompaniments; for investigating settlement patterns; and for other areas of research.

Résumé

Résumé

En la mayoría de las investigaciones arqueológicas es preferible datar la antigüedad de un artefacto usando métodos directos que por asociación. Por primera vez, empleamos un método directo para establecer la datación de cerámica templada con conchas usando Espectrometría de Masa Acelerada. Este método puede ser aplicado a cerámicas templadas con conchas de agua dulce o salada en todo el mundo. Para estimar el método examinamos 34 fechas nuevas o previamente reportadas (fechas AMS en conchas templadas, fechas asociadas con la luminiscencia en la misma cerámica y fechas asociadas a radiocarbono en otros materiales bióticos) de siete sitios en una variedad de sistemas ecológicos en el estado de Mississippi. Los resultados muestran que un efecto de depósitos de agua dulce está presente en la mayoría de los casos. Otros posibles factores incluyen variables en el consume de entrada de carbon y la tasa de absorción metabólica en espacio y tiempo, además de los efectos de quema durante la preparación para el templado o quemadura de la cerámica. A pesar de estos problemas, el método es prometedor para establecer la edad de la superficie de materiales, especimenes en museos, acompañamientos en fosas, para la investigación de patrones de asentamiento y otras áreas de investigación.

Type
Reports
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 74 , Issue 2 , April 2009 , pp. 351 - 369
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2009

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